1. Section 1—THE NATURE OF ENERGY
CHAPTER 4: ENERGY
Section 1—THE NATURE OF ENERGY

2. What is ENERGY? ENERGY is the ability to cause change.
When something is able to change its environment or itself, it has energy.

3. WHAT IS ENERGY?
EXAMPLES—a moving baseball, a person walking, the wind blowing
There are different forms of energy, such as electrical, chemical, and thermal.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY—toaster
CHEMICAL ENERGY—food, gasoline
THERMAL ENERGY—Sun

4. AN ENERGY ANALOGY… ENERGY VS. MONEY
Money comes in many different forms:
Cash in your wallet
A bank account—check book
Traveler’s checks
Gold or silver coins
Regardless of its form, money is money.

5. THE SAME IS TRUE FOR ENERGY.
Energy from the Sun that warms you and energy from the food you eat are only different forms of the same thing.

6. KINETIC ENERGY ↑ mass = ↑ KE ↑ velocity = ↑ KE
KINETIC ENERGY is energy in the form of motion. The amount of kinetic energy depends on 2 quantities—the mass of the moving object and its velocity.
↑ mass = ↑ KE
↑ velocity = ↑ KE
Kinetic energy = ½ mass x velocity2
KE (J) = ½ m (kg) x v2 (m2/s2)
The JOULE is the SI unit of energy.

7. POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy does not have to have motion. Even motionless objects have energy.
This energy is stored in the object. Therefore, the object has potential to cause change.
Stored energy due to position is called POTENTIAL ENERGY.
EXAMPLES—An apple hanging in a tree has potential energy (stored energy due to position). If it falls…PE is converted to KE.

8. THREE TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY—is energy stored by something that can stretch or compress, such as a rubber band or spring (slinky).
CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY—is energy stored in chemical bonds, such as food or gasoline.

9. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
Anything that can fall has stored energy called gravitational potential energy (GPE). (Gravity caused the apple to fall from the tree.)
The amount of GPE depends on 3 things:
1. the mass of the object
2. the acceleration due to gravity
3. the height above the ground

10. GPE (continued) MASS is measured in kilograms.
ACCELERATION of gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2.
HEIGHT is measured in meters.
GPE = mass x 9.8 m/s2 x height
GPE(J) = m (kg) x 9.8 m/s2 x h (m)
***All energy, no matter which form it is in, can be measured in joules.

11. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY (GPE)

12. KINETIC VS. POTENTIAL

13. Section 2—Conservation of Energy
CHAPTER 4: ENERGY
Section 2—Conservation of Energy

14. Energy is most noticeable as it ____________ from one type to another.
Hair Dryer = Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Kinetic Energy Sound Energy

15. Some energy transformations are not as obvious…
Ex. Green plants = Light energy Chemical potential energy

16. MECHANICAL ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY is the total amount of Potential and Kenetic energy in a system and can be expressed by the following equation:
ME= PE + KE

17. ***MECHANICAL ENERGY is due to the ___________and ___________ of the object.
Ex. An apple falling from a tree…
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is converted to Kenetic energy (KE), but the total Mechanical energy (ME) remains constant.

18. THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Energy can change from one form to another but the total amount of energy never changes. Another way to say this is that energy is conserved.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
***The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant.

19. POWER PLANT

20. NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

21. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT

22. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT