1. Paying the Bill: Policing After the Recession Martin Innes

2. Argument Economic and political drivers for reform. Policing will have to become: smaller; smarter; and sharper. Not more with less, just less. Need to reverse trend of police specialisation and move more to co-productive working. To deliver this need to agree what policing is for and shift towards public facing outcome metrics - what harms social order, communities and neighbourhoods?

3. Structure The wider political and economic context; Key themes for the government reform agenda in Policing in the 21 st Century – accountability; national agencies; big society. Trends in policing (specialisation and taskforces); What is policing for and the uses of social harm.

4. Citizen Priorities Source: Ipsos-Mori

5. Trends Crime & Perceived ASB

6. Trends in Police Staff Source: HMIC (2010) Valuing The Police

7. Forces for Change Economics – reduce public spending Ideology – revision of state / civil society

8. Policing in the 21 st Century 3 big ticket reform items: Police and Crime Commissioners – altering policing accountabilities; National Crime Agency – solidifies an ongoing movement; Community mobilisation and the big society.

9. Policing Accountabilities Using the police to support democracy; Existing upwards, downwards and sideways accountabilities; Clarifying reach and depth of Police ad Crime Commissioners.

10. Leveraging the Big Society Big Society themes - Community empowerment Social action Public service reform Source: Halpern (2010) Prospect Magazine September Halpern (2009): information on public- facing services & their performance is a public good. Nudgers (Thaler & Sunstein) vs networkers (Christakis & Fowler).

11. Policing as an Agent for Community Mobilisation NRPP (2003-5) horizontal vs vertical co-production: 4 sites increases in residents trust in each other; 14 point increase in cohesion in Lancashire site; 4 sites improved perceptions of collective efficacy. Similar findings are recorded in Chicago (Skogan, 2007 and Carr, 2006) Doing policing with rather than to people, improves key outcomes, but requires significant skills.

12. Trends in Policing Full spectrum policing – increase at national and neighbourhood levels in particular; The move to policing by taskforces, initiatives and operations; Specialisation and the decline of the generalist PC.

13. Police Spend & Resources 1998/09 – 2008/09 Source: Brain (2010) Cityforum

14. Follow the Money % Change Staffing 05/06 – 08/09 Source: HMIC (2010) Valuing the Police

15. So What? Police self-defined a crime control mission (USA); British policing tradition more complex - crime management / order management / security management; Prevent and NP findings – knowing what people perceiving and experiencing critical; Cultural resistance; Develop public-facing outcomes around the social harm of crime, disorder and policing.

16. Community Impacts of Homicide Yeah obviously I discussed it with family and the next door neighbour and people and they reassured me it wasnt quite as bad as it seemed. (Ast 235)

17. ASB & Neighbourhood Security

18. Social Harm Footprints

19. Conclusions Difficult choices – what and where is the public value of policing?; Develop public-facing outcomes; The policing narrative.

20. ANY QUESTIONS ? www.upsi.org.uk