1. Canine and Feline Blood Sample Collection
Objective: To understand the patient’s preparation, positioning, and procedures for blood collection using venipuncture and arterial sampling techniques.
Skills: Perform cephalic, saphenous, and jugular venipuncture
CTVT: Pages
VTDRG: Pages

2. Vocabulary Words
____________ (aka. phlebotomy)- the puncture of a vein as part of a medical procedure, typically to withdraw a blood sample or for an intravenous injection.
Peripheral vs. Central
__________ - cephalic, lateral/medial saphenous, femoral
__________ - Jugular (sometimes saphenous)
__________ – to obstruct or close off.

3. Vocabulary Words
__________ – a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space or tissue.
__________ – a state of increased caliber of blood vessels.
__________ – rupture of erythrocytes with release of hemoglobin.
__________ – to withdraw fluid by negative pressure, or suction.

4. Restraint Techniques

5. Indications for Blood Collection

6. How Much Blood Can We Take?

7. Supplies Needed for Blood Collection

8. How Much Blood Can We Take?

10. Optional Supplies
Tourniquet
Vacutainer
Winged needle
Additional:

12. How do you choose APPROPRIATE supplies?
____________
Gauge:
depends on the ___________ AND the ____________ being run *
Length:
personal ____________ and ______________

13. How do you choose APPROPRIATE supplies?
2. ____________
Based on amount of blood needed
 which is based on the ____________________________

14. Supplies for Sample Storage
3. Blood tubes –what’s the additive’s in each?
_________ top – EDTA or Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.
Tests: Hematology (CBC, WBC differential, platelet count) using blood plasma or whole blood
_________ top – Cloth activator polymer gel.
Tests requiring blood serum (Chemistry panels)
_________ top – No additive.

15. Supplies for Sample Storage
3. Blood tubes- what additive’s in each?
_________ top – Clot activator gel.
Tests: Blood plasma cultures
_________ top – Lithium Heparin (anticoagulant).
Tests: electrolyte studies, arterial blood gases, chemistries
_________ top - Sodium citrate as an anticoagulant -- binds calcium in the blood. Calcium is required for blood clotting.
Tests: Coagulation studies Ex. Prothrombin Time (PT) Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

16. Supplies for Sample Storage
Alternatives:
________ test
Type of test used to detect and measure either antigens or antibodies: ELISA Snap Tests
___________
A __________ meter is a device used for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood.

17. General Principles Reduce stress- for who?
Collection site should be free of _______ and ______
Start as ___________ as possible
Bevel up!
*Demonstrate holding the syringe

18. Technician Efficiency
*Blood samples should be obtained BEFORE
any treatment begins*
Step 1. Gather your ___________!
Break the seal by ____________________
Remove ___________________
Loosen needle cap
2. Find a __________
3. Retrieve ____________
4. Find the vein - who occludes?

19. Technician Efficiency
5. _________ the animal!
This is the painful part- ensure the animal is well ____________
Be as gentle as possible, but poke with ____________
*Your needle does not have to go all the way into the animal!
What should I be watching for?
6. __________
Blood flowing?  Great, now don’t move anything except the __________!
No blood? (see “redirecting”)

20. Technician Efficiency
7. Once you have desired amount, ______________ the vessel
Communication!!
8. __________ needle from patient
What should restrainer do now?
9. _________ the sample with a sense of urgency
When is this most important?
10. _______ of needle in a _______ container

21. Redirecting Your Needle During Collection
Why?
No blood is __________ into the syringe
When?
You have entered the patient, but not the ______ (SQ)
__________________ is felt when aspirating
How?
Retract the needle ______ of the way out of the animal
Reposition your angle __________ the vein and try again
*__________: Gently keep aspirating the entire time you are retracting/advancing the needle*

22. Trouble shooting
You had blood, but now there’s no longer any blood flow…
Were you watching the needle or syringe?
May have pushed needle _________ or ___________ of the vein
Bevel is possibly against the vessel wall
__________ syringe
Change your __________
Vein may have collapsed (needs time to fill)
Release back pressure on the _____________
Aspirate _______ forcefully
“Pump the __________”
Change to smaller syringe?

23. Transferring Blood into Tubes
If using a 20 gauge needle or _________:
You may ____________ the vacuum tube stopper with needle
If using _________ than a 20 gauge needle:
___________ needle from syringe
___________ stopper from collection tube
Gently __________ blood into tube along the side
Anticoagulant tubes:
1. You must have proper ________________________________
2. Tube must be _____________ multiple times
Serum tubes: allow to __________ before centrifugation

24. Labeling of Blood Tubes

25. Jugular Venipuncture When and why? Where? How?
Occlude in the jugular ___________ at the _________ ___________
How?
It’s all about:
The ___________________________
You ________________ the vessel
Do not stop occluding!
When should you stop occluding…?
*Note: The jugular has a ________ vessel wall than peripheral veins

26. Tips and tricks for dogs: *Lateral canthus *Cowlick

28. Tips for felines:. Their jugulars are usually superficial and medial
Tips for felines: *Their jugulars are usually superficial and medial *Ensure you have enough room to pull plunger down

29. Canine Cephalic Venipuncture
When and Why?
Where anatomically?
How?
Position-
Who occludes?
Which direction do you roll?
Use thumb to _________ ; HOLD ONTO the paw!

32. Canine Lateral Saphenous
When and Why?
Where anatomically?
How?
Position: _______________
Who occludes?
Up or down the mountain?
Use thumb to stabilize

34. Feline Medial Saphenous
When and why?
Where?
How?
Position: ________________
Do not let go of the _______!
Use thumb to _________
Vessel is EXTREMELY __________
Be ready to apply ___________________!!

36. Complications from Blood Collection
1. To the _____________
Hematoma/bruising
Tissue trauma/pain
Sepsis
Air embolism

37. Complications from Blood Collection
2. To the ____________
Hemolysis
Sample dilution
Clot formation

38. Arterial Blood Sampling
Used to assess pulmonary function by testing:
PaO2
PaCO2
pH/acid base balance
Artery is not occluded, but ______________
Location of dorsal pedal: __________________________________

39. SUPPLIES: Blue Pearl Image Library
Hold off longer after collection- bandage is great
Blue Pearl Image Library

40. Arterial Blood Sampling
Must have a blood gas analyzer

41. Venipuncture Videos Canine cephalic
eature=related
Feline jugular
Femoral artery

42. Supplemental Reading Assignment
Vet Tech’s Daily Reference Guide Pages