1. Chapter 25, Section 1: The Economy
South Asia Today
Chapter 25, Section 1: The Economy

2. Important Vocabulary
Cash Crop: farm products grown for sale and export.
Jute: a fiber used to make string, rope, and cloth.
Green Revolution: an effort to increase crop yields, using fertilizers and irrigation.
Biomass: plant materials and animal dung.

3. Vocabulary (Cont’d)
Cottage Industry: businesses that employ workers in their homes.
Ecotourism: tourism that encourages responsible interaction with the environment.
Interdependent: reliant on one another.

4. Agriculture Many farmers use subsistence farming.
Agricultural conditions vary.
Cash Crops include: tobacco, coffee, tea, rubber, coconuts, rice, jute, grains, and cotton.
Improvements with Green Revolution & Mechanization.

5. Mining and Fishing Very Profitable industries with great potential.
Rich mineral deposits of iron ore, coal, bauxite, copper, zinc, lead, marble, and graphite.
Large fishing resources: lobster, shrimp, and fresh, dry fish.

6. India’s evolving economy
India rejected foreign investment in the late 1940s.
Policies of self-sufficiency with reduced foreign trade.
Economic growth declined in the 1960s.
in the 1990s, new economic growth.

7. Light & Heavy Industry
Cottage Industries: textiles, shoes, jewelry, traditional crafts, and furniture.
Heavy industries – mass production of: iron, steel, cement, and heavy machinery.

8. Service & High-Tech Sector
Since the 1980s, wholesale and retail trade with gov’t services have grown.
more schools are offering tech & engineering training.
Indian computer professionals are in high global demand.
India was leading exporter of software services in 2009.

9. Tourism Tourism attracts hikers, hunters, and photographers.
Conflicts have negatively impacted tourist revenue.
Ecotourism has helped local economies and environmentalism.

10. Land and Water Travel India’s road network covers 125,000 miles.
The British built railway systems in India and Bangladesh.
Pakistan and Bhutan have invested in their transportation systems.
India, Pakistan; Bangladesh have major seaports.

11. Communications Free press in India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan.
Bhutan and Nepal censor their media.
Wide-scale internet usage in India.

12. Trade & Interdependence
Struggles with interdependence. Ex: India and Pakistan.
India is South Asia’s largest economy.
Nepal and Bhutan rely heavily on India for trade.
In 2004, the South Asia Free trade Agreement (SAFTA). There are still issues over tariffs.
India is pursuing trade agreements with the EU and Japan.

13. Chapter 25, Section 2: People and their Environment
South Asia Today
Chapter 25, Section 2: People and their Environment

14. Important Vocabulary
Sustainable Development: using resources at a rate that does not deplete them for future generations.
Chipko: a “tree hugger movement” that stresses the importance of trees.
Poaching: illegal hunting.
Nuclear Proliferation: the spreading development of nuclear arms, weapons.
Dalits: meaning “oppressed.” Those of the lower social status or class.

15. Water Lack of clear water and sanitation in the region.
Dams have been built for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power.
A negative effect has been a spread of diseases (malaria).

16. Forests
Deforestation has occurred with Slash-and-burn farming, logging, mining, and urbanization.
The loss of forests has led to soil erosion, floods, and higher temperatures.
There have been reforestation efforts and Chipko.

17. Wildlife
Wildlife include: elephants, water buffalo, monkeys, tigers, and crocodiles.
Many are endangered due to population growth and deforestation.
Gov’t efforts to stop this with wildlife reserves and outlawing hunting.

18. Seeking Solutions Scientists are working to reduce air pollution.
Meteorologists are studying monsoons in the Bay of Bengal to reduce their effects.
Satellite imaging to study erosions to improve soil.

19. Future Challenges
India and Pakistan have fought over Kashmir since
Nuclear proliferation has raised tensions.
Kashmiri militant attacks almost led to war in 2002.
Opened trade in 2005 brings hope for improved relations.