1. Computer Organization and Architecture William Stallings 8th Edition
Chapter 1
Lecture 02
Faheem ahmed
Lecturer, CNET Dept.,
Jazan University, Jazan KSA

2. Objectives of todays lecture
In this chapter we will learn about structure and function of computer and possibly nature and characteristics of computer. At the end of this chapter you be able to understand:
What is computer?
What is organization and architecture of computer?
Structure and function of computer
Understand inside of CPU, ALU, REGISTERS.

3. Computer
Computer: A computer is a device that accepts Information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration.

4. Architecture & Organization
Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
Computer architecture is defined as the internal arrangements of a computer, which includes the design of the processor, memory and input / output circuits.
Organization is how features are implemented.
It is the operational unit and their interconnection that realize the architectural specification.
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.

5. Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other, that means how they are connected to each other, how they are dependent on each other… etc etc.
Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure.

6. Function All computer functions are: Functional view Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control
Functional view

7. Operations (a) Data movement
The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world. The computer’s operating environment consists of devices that serve as either
sources or destinations of data.
simply transferring data from one peripheral or communications line to another.

8. Operations (b) Storage
data transferred from the external environ- ment to computer storage (read) and vice versa (write).

9. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage
The final two diagrams show operations involving data processing, on data either in storage
or en route between storage and the external environment (Figure 1.2d).

10. Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

11. Structure The Computer CPU Main memory I/O System interconnection
Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions.
Main memory
Stores data
I/O
Moves data between the computer and its external environment
System interconnection
Provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O

12. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Main Processing
Unit
Main
Memory
Computer
Systems
Interconnection
Input
Output
Communication
lines

13. Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic Computer and Registers Login Unit
I/O
System
Bus
CPU
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Memory
Control
Unit

14. Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Sequencing
Login
ALU
Control
Unit
Internal
Bus
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Registers
Control
Memory

15. Complete structure

16. Outline of the Book (1) Computer Evolution and Performance
Computer Interconnection Structures
Internal Memory
External Memory
Input/Output
Operating Systems Support
Computer Arithmetic
Instruction Sets

17. Outline of the Book (2) CPU Structure and Function
Reduced Instruction Set Computers
Superscalar Processors
Control Unit Operation
Microprogrammed Control
Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
Digital Logic (Appendix)

18. Internet Resources - Web site for book
links to sites of interest
links to sites for courses that use the book errata list for book information on other books by W. Stallings
Math
How-to
Research resources
Misc

19. Internet Resources - Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
CPU Info Center
Processor Emporium
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturer’s sites
Intel, IBM, etc.

20. Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups
comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage
comp.parallel

21. Video lectures https://youtu.be/K_21dNxKC4o

22. Thank you!!!
Chapter 1
Ends!!!