1. The brain
& Spinal Cord

2. Spinal Cord
Function: conducting nerve impulses, center for spinal reflexes
CNS

3. Nerve Pathways
Reflex arc – simple pathway, includes only a few neurons
Two-neuron arc (just spinal cord & motor neurons)
Three-neuron arc (sensory, interneurons, and motor)
Reflex behavior – automatic, subconscious responses to stimulus
Withdrawal reflex – occurs when you touch something painful
Knee-jerk reflex – maintains uprightness

4. Divisions of the Brain
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

5. Cerebrum Wrinkly, large part of the brain
Responsible for higher mental function

7. Cerebral hemispheres
Left and right sides connected by the corpus callosum

8. Fissures
Separate the lobes of the brain

9. Longitudinal fissure Separates left and right cerebral hemispheres
Separates left and right cerebral hemispheres

10. Lobes of the brain
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula

11. Frontal lobe Higher intellectual functioning Personality
Concentration
Decision making
Planning
Personality
Verbal communication
Voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

12. Parietal lobe Formulating words to express thoughts/emotions
Sensory interpretation of textures (touch)
Pain

13. Temporal lobe Interpretation of hearing (auditory) sensations
Interpretation of smelling (olfactory) sensations
Understanding speech

14. Occipital lobe
Interpretation of visual stimuli

15. Insula
Interpretation of taste
Memory

16. Lateral fissure
Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

17. Cerebral cortex
Thin layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)

18. Convolutions of the brain
All the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum
Fissures = deep grooves
Sulcus = shallow groove
Gyrus = bump

19. Central sulcus Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
Precentral gyrus (frontal lobe) – primary motor cortex
Postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe) – primary somatosensory cortex

20. p. 498-499 Lobes of the brain and their functional areas
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Primary visual cortex
Somatosensory association area
Auditory association area
Visual association area
Broca’s area
Wernicke area

21. Transverse fissure
Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum