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Effects of Disasters on Wastewater Treatment and Collection Systems

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Presentation on theme: "Effects of Disasters on Wastewater Treatment and Collection Systems"— Presentation transcript:

1 Effects of Disasters on Wastewater Treatment and Collection Systems
Bradley Crain May 7, 2019 2019 Mississippi Partners in Preparedness Summit

2 The best time to act is in the first phase of the disaster cycle, when preventative and mitigation measures can strengthen a system by reducing its vulnerability to hazards Pan American Health Organization. (1998). National Disaster Mitigation in Drinking Water and Sewage Systems. Washington, D.C. PAHO

3 The Big Picture Effects
Human health Direct contact with contamination Environmental impact Inability to maintain its designated use Damage infrastructure Broken pipes, Damaged electrical components, Structural damage Removes us from a situation of normalcy Basic services

4 Sewer System Vulnerabilities
A sewer system meeting standards is the first step in mitigating disaster effects ASCE 2017 Infrastructure Report Card Over $2 billion in wastewater needs over the next 20 years Aging sewer collection systems Inflow and Infiltration (I/I) Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs) Operation and maintenance of treatment facilities System integrity Wastewater Operators

5 Planning Determine areas of vulnerability in the system
Develop a emergency response and mitigation plan Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan Inter-Institutional coordination for disaster response It is important to have detailed knowledge of the human resources, material, and equipment available at the local level.

6 Vulnerability Analysis
Many of the problems presented by natural hazards occur because these phenomena are not considered during the conception, design, construction, and operation of the system. Components Identification and quantification of hazards that can affect the system Estimation of the susceptibility to damage of components that are considered essential Definition of measures to be included in the mitigation plan Identification of measures and procedures for developing an emergency plan

7 Mitigation Plan Comprises of improvement and structural retrofitting measures directed toward increasing reliability Components Prioritize activities Responsible for execution Timeframe of completion Estimated Cost

8 Emergency Plan Components
Procedures Instructions Necessary information for preparing and mobilizing Plan should be designed to respond to emergencies and disasters with the resources that are currently available, and updated accordingly. Success will depend on how simple and practical it is to carry out, as well as on the knowledge of the persons involved.

9 Natural Hazards Impacts
Types of disasters affecting sewer systems Floods Tornadoes Winter storm Hurricanes Earthquakes

10 Surface Structures Buildings What operations are performed?
Power outage Access Communication

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12 Surface Structures Tanks Cracks Collapse Debris Broken connections
Power outage Controls Chlorine Exacerbated with poor maintenance

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14 Surface Structures Reservoirs and lagoons Sewer pipes Pump stations
Overtopping Collapse Leaks Exacerbated with poor maintenance Sewer pipes Rupture of aerial crossings Pump stations Controls/ power outage Damage to surface pumps Outlet structure

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18 Underground Structure
For the most part, damage will not be visible, making actual damage assessment much slower and more labor intensive. Sewage Pipes Underground breaks Contamination Submerged Siltation/ Debris Uncovered manholes Exacerbated with poor maintenance

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21 Underground Structure
Pump Stations Flooded Siltation/ Debris

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23 Human Health Concerns Avoid both cross-contamination and direct contact Waterborne disease outbreak examples Giardia Chemical Shigella Rotavirus Hepatitis

24 Wastewater Disaster Prep
Means for Independent Communication Disinfection/Chemical Inventory Alternative chemical feed at treatment plant Lime for sewer spills Copy of Sewer Collection/ Treatment Plans GIS Mapping

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26 Wastewater Disaster Prep
Detail Pump Station Information Pump size Electrical Requirements Quick-Connect Power and Bypass Piping Mutual Aid Agreements Drain Holding Ponds Have Response Equipment Ready to Go

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28 Wastewater Disaster Prep
Prepare for power outages Auxiliary/ standby equipment Battery charges Fuel supply (10 to 14 days)

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31 After the Disaster Survey and assess damage
Needed Repair Time to Complete Prioritize Proceed on Repairs Determine locations of power loss Stop electrical current to damaged equipment Determine extent of wastewater or biosolids flooding to determine exposure risk.

32 After the Disaster Coordinate with water utility Keep public informed
If possible, list stations and treatment facility should be operational prior to restoring water service. Keep public informed System Damage Public health or environmental concerns Supply of lime for disinfection of spills of raw, partially treated, and fully treated wastewater.

33 After the Disaster Reporting Sewer System Damage
Major Damage to MEMA ESF-3 and MDEQ Minor damage report as soon as possible MDEQ staff is available to offer assistance pre/post-disaster.


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