1. III. Organic Chemistry A. Chemical Reactions 1. Dehydration Synthesis:
small molecules (monomers) joined together to form a large molecule (polymer) by removing H2O +
+ H2O
monomer +
monomer
polymer
+ water

4. polymer is broken apart into monomers by adding H2O (digestion)
2. Hydrolysis:
polymer is broken apart into monomers by adding H2O (digestion)
+ H2O +
polymer
+ water
monomer +
monomer

7. Synthesis Digestion Maltose + glucose Maltose + glucose Maltose +

8. B. Organic Compounds Organic: Contain BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen
ex. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Inorganic:
Don’t contain BOTH Carbon and Hydrogen
ex. H2O, CO2, H2, O2, NaCl

9. Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars) (i.e. glucose, galactose, fructose)
1. Carbohydrates
a. Elements:
b. Ending:
c. Function:
d. Building Blocks:
C, H, O
-ose
quick source of energy
Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars)
(i.e. glucose, galactose, fructose)

10. e. Types: Disaccharide Double Sugar (2 Sugars)
ex. Maltose = glucose + glucose
ex. Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Monosaccharide
1 Sugar (i.e. glucose)

13. Polysaccharide
Many sugars in a chain
Ex. Starch (plant storage), Cellulose (plant cell wall), Glycogen (animal storage)

15. Triglyceride: 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
2. Lipids
a. Elements:
b. Function:
c. Building Blocks:
C, H, O
store energy for long-term use
Triglyceride: 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acid
glycerol

16. Glycerol
3 Fatty acids

17. d. Types: Waxes Oils -Liquid @ room temp.
-Have double bonds between Carbons in Tails
-Carbons are “unsaturated”
Fats
room temp.
-Single bonds between Carbons in Fatty Acid Tails
-Carbons are “saturated” with Hydrogens

19. 3. Proteins a. Elements: b. Ending: C, H, O, N (sometimes S)
c. Function:
C, H, O, N (sometimes S)
-in, -ase
-Most abundant organic compound in organisms
-Control reaction rates (enzymes)
-Help form bone & muscle
-Tissue repair
-Pigments (ex. Chlorophyll)
-Transport substances (ex. Hemoglobin)
-Fight diseases (antibodies)

20. d. Building Blocks: Amino Acids (20 different ones)
(makes each one different)
Variable group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Hydrogen

21. e. Types:
Amino Acids
Leucine
Serine
Cysteine

24. Dipeptide
-2 amino acids
Peptide bond

25. + H2O Dipeptide + Dipeptide Amino acid Amino acid PEPTIDE BOND
Amino group
Carboxyl group
+ H2O
Amino acid
Amino acid
Dipeptide
PEPTIDE BOND +
Dipeptide
Amino acid
Amino acid

26. -Long chain of many amino acids
Polypeptide
-Long chain of many amino acids
*Sequence of amino acids determines type, shape, & function of protein

28. 4. Nucleic Acids a. Elements: b. Function: C, H, O, N, P
c. Building Blocks:
C, H, O, N, P
Stores/codes hereditary information
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous base
sugar
phosphate

29. d. Types: RNA -Ribonucleic Acid DNA -Single-stranded
-Base Pairs: A-U, C-G
-Created in nucleus & goes to ribosomes to produce proteins
d. Types:
DNA
-Deoxyribonucleic Acid
-Double-stranded helix
-Base Pairs: A-T, C-G
-Stays in the nucleus

30. DNA
RNA

31. DNA

32. RNA