1. E-Government Strategy Presented By: Bharat Dankoti M.Sc ISE III Semester Acme Engineering College Presented To: Prof. Dr. Subarna Shakya

2. Outline What is an E-Government ? What is Strategy ? Why an E-Government Strategy ? What is an E-Government Strategy ? E -Government lessons of experience Reference 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy2

3. What is E-Government? Is about applying information and communication technology (ICT) to all aspects of government’s operations, where it makes sense to improve efficiency and effectiveness in achievement of policy and program outcomes. 6/3/20193E-Government Strategy

4. What is Strategy A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim The art of planning and directing overall operations and movements Master plan, grand design, plan of action, plan, policy, scheme, blueprint, procedure 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy 4 Where are we now? Where do we want to go? How do we get there?

5. What is E-Government Strategy An e-government strategy is a plan for e-government systems and their supporting infrastructure which maximizes the ability of management to achieve organizational objectives. An e-government strategy is – Conceptual framework – Business case – Implementation process – Measurements of results 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy5

6. E-Government strategy seeks to answer three questions such as : Where are we now? – How are systems are working now and what external factors affect them ? Where do we want to get to? – In future, how should the organization’s e-government systems be or work differently from at present ? How do we get there? – what actions need to be undertaken to achieve the outcome identified in answering the second question? 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy6

7. Why an E-Government Strategy? To pursue real economic development goals. To define the right policy and institutional frameworks from the start To maximize effectiveness of ICT initiatives within government sectors. To manage the increasing costs of I and IT in government To generate saving by applying I and IT backend processes or other programming areas. To map path from pilot experiments to sustainable, scalable systems To design technology architecture (infrastructure, data, standards) for the public sector To integrate organizational silos and deliver citizen services through common channels 6/3/20197E-Government Strategy

8. The steps of E-Government Strategic Planning 1.Strategy Foundation: Create E-Government Planning Structure/Roles 2.Audit Information Systems 3.Get guidance from organizational strategy 4.Set e-government objectives and principles 5.Determine e-government systems architecture 6.Determine e-government organizational architecture 7.Disseminate and plan e-government actions 8.Manage, evolve and review e-government strategy 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy8

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10. Strategy Foundation: Create e-Government Planning Structures/Roles to control the process of strategic planning, a special body is usually set up, called something like ‘e-Government Steering Group’. typically consist of senior staff or other powerful stakeholders from various parts of the organization, together with some technical advisors 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy10

11. Strategic Analysis: Audit Information Systems requires a comprehensive understanding of the current state of e-government and other information systems. Note the inclusion of all types of information system, manual or computerized – hence the title ‘audit information systems’ rather than ‘audit e- government’. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy11

12. Information System can be audited as: Systems perspective – Audit must recognize the full information system describing not just the technology resources, but also the information that information systems deliver, the information processes undertaken, and the human resources involved, covering information skills (e.g. data gathering and presentation), IT skills (e.g. hands-on computing), and system development skills (e.g. systems analysis and design). Issues Perspective – audit should be more than just a list of resources, but should help identify key issues that will inform and affect subsequent decision making on e-government. include a sense of important problems or complaints facing the current information systems, or an assessment of emerging trends. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy12

13. Stakeholder Perspective – Both directly and indirectly, information systems affect stakeholders both inside and outside the main public agency. – audit should therefore be external as well as internal. – should understand the technology, skills, needs and issues of client groups. Contextual Perspective – look at management systems and structures within the public agency. – look at IT trends and standards within the local environment. – review financial and other constraints specific to e-government systems change. – incorporate an understanding of relevant policies, guidelines and initiatives 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy13

14. Strategic Analysis: Get Guidance from Organizational Strategy The rationality of e-government strategy requires that e- government systems help meet the needs of the public sector organization. An e-government strategy should therefore be firmly rooted in one particular element from the organizational context – the wider organizational or business strategy for the whole agency existing organizational functions that are to be retained in order to meet organizational objectives; and new organizational functions that need to be introduced in order to meet organizational objectives. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy14

15. Set e-Government Objectives and Principles The e-Government Steering Group may use the data gathered so far to produce a broad statement of the role and objectives of information and of e-government within the organization. statement may be – specific (tying e-government to particular organizational objectives) – generic (a general statement of information and IT principles) setting the scope for the e-government strategy used to develop the criteria against which e-government proposals may be evaluated and/or prioritized 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy15

16. E-Government project prioritization schema Impact Priorities (Examples) highest savings/financial return on investment; highest public visibility/political return on investment; highest learning/demonstrator effect; strongest focus on existing organizational deficiencies; and/or strongest support to key external client services Implementation Priorities (Examples) lowest risk/highest feasibility; lowest cost to implement; and/or fastest time for completion. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy16

17. Determine e-Government Systems Architecture E-Government strategy can be seen as needing to lay out the ITPOSMO dimensions for the future. The information, technology and process dimensions are together seen as an e-government systems architecture – a plan of the e-government systems that the organization will require in future. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy17

18. This architecture forms a major element of ‘Where do we want to get to?’ for e-government. can be described in terms of the individual e-government applications with details of data capture, input, processing, storage and output plus links to decision and action processes also consist of a number of different models, including: data model, Process model, data/process model 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy18

19. Elements of e-government systems architecture 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy19

20. Strategy Definition: Determine e-Government Organizational Architecture stating the approach to management of organizational change, including a determination of the needs for cultural change; clearly allocating responsibilities for e-government systems development and management; identifying major competency gaps and approaches to closing them through human resource strategies; deciding how back-office procedures may be restructured to support e- government; 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy20

21. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy21 Organizational Structures for e-government strategy

22. Strategy Implementation 1: Disseminate and Plan e- Government Actions The defined strategy can now be circulated as an ‘e- Government Strategy Statement’ and, if appropriate to the organizational culture, discussed and refined. Once agreed, the strategy is typically planned in more detail in a matrix format. The columns of the matrix can be a set of – e-government project plans – created for improving existing systems and developing new systems 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy22

23. Each plan will typically be presented as a ‘business case’. A typical business case for an e-government project might include – a statement of project objectives – An estimation of benefits, risks and constraints; and – an estimation of resource requirements covering finance, human resources (i.e. jobs and skills), technology, and timescales. 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy23

24. Strategy Implementation 2: Manage, Evolve and Review e-Government Strategy Strategic planning is not intended to be a one-time activity but a continuous cycle that needs to be completely revised at the end of the strategic framework period, or earlier if circumstances change or objectives are not attained One task of the e-Government Steering Group is to monitor implementation of the strategic plan 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy24

25. Problems and ways forward for E-Government planning Misconceptions of E-Government strategic planning 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy25

26. The outcome of E-Government Strategy E-Government strategic planning – may be fundamentally misconceived – may face severe constraints to its implementation, and – may create negative impacts within the organization. Four common outcomes are found – Lack of strategy – Underused strategy – Damaging strategies – Alternative approaches are used 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy26

27. Making a business case for E-Government Strategy Defining worthwhile goals Demonstrating financial feasibility and sustainability Developing incentive scheme 6/3/201927E-Government Strategy

28. Business Case: Goals To extend the reach of government services To promote equal access to government services To increase constituency satisfaction with government services o In particular: to reduce transaction costs for citizens o Citizens want timeliness of response and right outcome (right information or completed transaction) To reduce government costs 6/3/201928E-Government Strategy

29. Business Case: Financial Feasibility Incremental investment financing Cost sharing with business Redirection of line ministry, HRD and ITC budgets Saving accrued over time from BPR, automation and outsourcing of client interface 6/3/201929E-Government Strategy

30. Business Case: Incentives Individuals Departments Increased Budgetary control Organizational visibility Economic rewards (Share of profits/saving, etc) 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy30 Individuals Skill upgrading Professional development Increased autonomy International exposure

31. E-Government Strategy: Process (1) Define vision and goals Set up high level leadership task force Ensure consistency with economic development priorities Assess status quo Secure political support Establish stakeholder participation mechanisms (including demand) Put in place e-government management framework Assess priority needs for government services Secure funding 6/3/201931E-Government Strategy

32. E-Government Strategy: Process (2) Establish partnerships with private sector, where feasible Design technical, data sharing and service delivery infrastructure Prioritize projects (BPR first) Develop time-bound implementation plan Secure stakeholder buy-in of implementation plan Implementation the strategy in phases Measure and publicize progress Evaluate results and make course corrections 6/3/201932E-Government Strategy

33. Measurement of Results: Output Indicators Infrastructure – Improvement in connectivity and data processing capacity Governance – E-Government management framework in place – Policy and regulatory framework in place Institutional Capacity – Geographical reach of government services – Training imparted – Business processes reengineered – Number of Government systems operating at service standards 6/3/201933E-Government Strategy

34. Measurement of Results: Impact Indicators Constituency satisfaction with government services – opinion surveys – citizen report cards Access by the poor and rural population Client orientation in public service – Data sharing across information systems – Transparency of government organization to service recipients 6/3/201934E-Government Strategy

35. E-Government: Lessons of Experience E-Government can not perform as a substitute for governance reform E-Government must address the rural urban divide Manage expectations: e-government is not a magic bullet Translating promises to benefits involves difficult organizational changes There is no “one size fits all” strategy: the context needs to be understood Balance top direction and bottom up initiative Avoid large failures; deliver early results 6/3/201935E-Government Strategy

36. Lessons of Experience Identify priority interventions that are capable of exploring a country’s competitive advantage, delivering cross-cutting positive impacts Promote partnerships between government, private sector, civil society and donors Avoid technology focus: ensure complementary investment; skills, organizational innovation and incentives are crucial for making technology work Emphasize training and capacity building 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy36

37. Summary E-government is multi year commitment Even if technology can be rapidly implemented organizational change takes time and use patterns change even more slowly E-government offers tremendous opportunities for improving service delivery, efficiency and transparency of government High risk of e-government projects require careful design 6/3/2019E-Government Strategy37

38. References Richards Heeks (2006), Implementing and Managing e- Government. An International Text. Conceptual Framework for Sustainable e-Government Implementation in Low Infrastructure Situation, Maryam M. Khamis, Theo P. van der Weid, Radboud University, Netherlands 6/3/201938E-Government Strategy

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