1. Soil Profiles for Dummies (not you guys) By R. Earl

5. Chernozem Dark surface horizons (Black Earth)
Very high in organic from addition of soil organic matter through the deep roots of grasses and limited decomposition of the organic matter due to dry soil conditions and cold winters.
Minimal leaching
The calcium carbonate that was originally present in the A horizon has been dissolved and precipitated in the B and upper C horizon.
Neutral Acidity
Very fertile (Breadbasket of N. Am.)

6. Podzol
Horizon of leached  minerals

7. Podzol
An extensive group of leached, acid soils, podzols have a distinctive light (ash/grey) coloured horizon
Subject to intense leaching of minerals
Have a distinct leached soil horizon (Ae)
Located mainly on hill-land areas
Mainly suitable to conifer species
Thin A horizon due to leaching
Acidic due to needle litter and parent material
Derivation: from the Russian words pod = under and zola = ash

8. PARENT MATERIAL Acid rocks, often granitic or schist derived
PARENT MATERIAL Acid rocks, often granitic or schist derived. VEGETATION/ORGANISMS Coniferous or Pine woodland, heather moorland. Acidity and lack of light limits the range and number of organisms which cause breakdown of plant material. Organic breakdown is slow and mainly by fungal activity, with mites of secondary importance. No earthworms present due to acid conditions. CLIMATE Cool, humid to alpine conditions with precipitation > evaporation so that translocation and leaching of material is active. TOPOGRAPHY Stable sites from sea level to mountain summits. TIME Long-term since end of last ice age, 10,000 years.

9. Grey brown podzol Has a soil horizon of clay accumulation 
Parent material mainly limestone (less acidic)
Well drained, deep fertile soil
Less leaching than true Podzol
Deciduous leaves create more humus
(makes soil more fertile and less acidic)
Suitable to broadleaf/deciduous forests

10. Grey Brown Podzols in Canada
Temperate Deciduous
Biome

11. Laterite/Latizol/Tropical Red Earth
Laterites form in warm, humid climates from the rapid chemical weathering of silicates.
High weathering rates, while abundant rainfall transport the dissolved by products through the profile (heavy leaching)
Laterites tend to be carbon-deficient, thin and poor cropland.
Commonly destroyed by slash & burn agriculture.
The residue is an aluminum and/or iron rich soil, with little silica or other cations. Mined as bauxite for aluminum.

12. Hot Climate Tropical areas: eg) Tropical Rainforest Monsoon Forests
Savanna?

13. Tropical Rain Forest Regions

14. Sierozem/Desert Soils
These soils have very low organic matter, are high in potassium and have pH's around 7.5 to 8.0.
A saline (salty) and/or alkaline surface layer occurs in places.
Soils are course-textured, shallow, rocky or gravely with good drainage and have no subsurface water. They are coarse because there is less chemical weathering. The finer dust and sand particles are blown elsewhere, leaving heavier pieces behind.

15. Peat / Tundra Soils
Most are always frozen a foot or two beneath the surface.
Generally, these soils have dark-brown, peaty layers over gray, moist soil.
Little agricultural use is made of them.
Permafrost creates waterlogged soils

16. Peat Soils of the Tundra

19. Name Each Soil Types A_________ B_________ C_________ D_________ E_________ F_________

20. The Five Major Soil Profiles
Biome:
Soil: __________________
Biome:
Soil: __________________
Biome:
Soil: __________________
Biome:
Soil: __________________
Biome:

21. Red Grey-Brown Podzol Soil Temperate Deciduous Forest Podzol Soil
Deciduous leaves have MORE nutrients
(than needles)
Acidic, nutrient-poor needles
Ashy-Grey
Dark Brown
(Humus rich)
Grey-Brown Podzol Soil Temperate Deciduous Forest
Eastern Marg/Humid Cont
Podzol Soil
Cool Temperate Rainforest
N. Coniferous
Taiga/Boreal
Chernozem Soil
Temperate Grassland
Steppe / Prairie
Very Fertile
Rapid decomposition
Rapid recycling of nutrients
Nutrients stored in VEG due to
intense leaching
Red
Sandy Grey
Tropical Red Earth Soil
Laterite/Latisol
Tropical Rainforest Monsoon, Savanna?
Sierozem Soil
Desert

25. 4000
3000
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