1. Lecturer Dr. Veronika Alhanaqtah
STATISTICS
Lecturer
Dr. Veronika Alhanaqtah

2. Topic 1
Introduction to data

3. 1. Introductory concepts and vocabulary
Four basic concepts:
Data set
Unit of observation
Variable
Variable types

4. Data Set
Data is typically organized in a data table or data matrix (data set), that is made up of rows and columns. Rows in a data set are the units on which information is gathered. Columns are the variables or the pieces of information that are gathered about each unit.

5. Example: Dataset on movies
Name
Genre
Budget
Studio
Audience
50/50 C 8
Ind 93
Warrior A 25 LG
Harry Potter F
125 WB
The help D DW 91
Money ball 50
Col 89
Legend: C – Comedy, A - A ction , F – Fantasy, D – Documentary
Source:

6. Unit of observation 50/50 C 8 Ind 93 Warrior A 25 LG Harry Potter F
Name
Genre
Budget
Studio
Audience
50/50 C 8
Ind 93
Warrior A 25 LG
Harry Potter F
125 WB
The help D DW 91
Money ball 50
Col 89
The movie is our
unit of analysis
(unit of observation)

7. Variable
Name
Genre
Budget
Studio
Audience
50/50 C 8
Ind 93
Warrior A 25 LG
Harry Potter F
125 WB
The help D DW 91
Money ball 50
Col 89
Each of the columns is a variable or a characteristic that varies from movie to movie.

8. Variable Type
Name
Genre
Budget
Studio
Audience
50/50 C 8
Ind 93
Warrior A 25 LG
Harry Potter F
125 WB
The help D DW 91
Money ball 50
Col 89
Categorical variables (qualitative, nominal) don't have numeric values. Numeric variables (quantitative) are which we could put on a number line and do mathematical operations for.

9. Data And Story online Library
DASL is an online library on data files and stories that illustrate the use of basic statistic methods (real-world examples).
Data files are data sets.
Stories are abstracts that discuss the statistical concept of a particular data file.

10. Information Is Beautiful online library
Information is beautiful is a web-site of the British data journalist and information designer David McCandless.
The team of this data storage is dedicated to distilling the world’s data, information and knowledge into beautiful, interesting and, above all, useful visualizations, infographics and diagrams.

11. Homework Visit instructor’s website:
Statistics
Open DASL (online library on data files):
Choose “DASL”
Look through data sets and find a couple that you enjoy.
Open up the data and look what is:
data set, unit of observation, variables and variable types (categorical or numeric).