1. REGIONS Superficial Anatomy
Using the proper terms to identify the structures of the body helps physicians communicate with each other and the patient
The terms are typically derived from Latin or Greek
Latin or Greek is used because they are descriptive languages 1

2. Figure 1.7 The Importance of Precise Vocabulary2

3. The Language of Anatomy
Anatomical Landmarks
Anatomical position
The hands are at the side
The palms are facing forward
All discussion of the human body is in reference to the anatomical position
Supine: lying down (face up) in the anatomical position
Prone: lying down (face down) in the anatomical position 3

4. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks
Frons or forehead (frontal)
Nasus or nose (nasal)
Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular)
Auris or ear (otic)
Cranium or skull (cranial)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Facies or face (facial)
Bucca or cheek (buccal)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Oris or mouth (oral
Mentis or chin (mental)
Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic)
Axilla or armpit (axillary)
Mamma or breast (mammary)
Brachium or arm (brachial)
Abdomen (abdominal)
Trunk
Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital)
Umbilicus or naval (umbilical)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial)
Pelvis (pelvic)
Carpus or wrist (carpal)
Palma or palm (palmar)
Manus or hand (manual)
Inguen or groin (inguinal)
Pollex or thumb
Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal)
Pubis (pubic)
Patella or kneecap (patellar)
Femur or thigh (femoral)
Crus or leg (crural)
Tarsus or ankle (tarsal)
Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal)
Pes or foot (pedal)
Hallux or great toe
Anterior view in the anatomical position. 4

5. The Language of Anatomy
Head and Neck Region
Frons
Nasus
Oculus
Auris
Bucca
Oris
Mentis
Cervis
Occipital (posterior head region) 5

6. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2)
Frons or forehead (frontal)
Nasus or nose (nasal)
Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular)
Auris or ear (otic)
Cranium or skull (cranial)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Bucca or cheek (buccal)
Facies or face (facial)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Oris or mouth (oral
Mentis or chin (mental)
Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic)
Axilla or armpit (axillary)
Mamma or breast (mammary)
Brachium or arm (brachial)
Abdomen (abdominal)
Trunk
Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital)
Umbilicus or naval (umbilical)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 6

7. The Language of Anatomy
Torso Region
Thoracis
Mamma
Abdomen
Umbilicus
Pelvis
Dorsum
Lumbus 7

8. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2)
Frons or forehead (frontal)
Nasus or nose (nasal)
Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular)
Auris or ear (otic)
Cranium or skull (cranial)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Bucca or cheek (buccal)
Facies or face (facial)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Oris or mouth (oral
Mentis or chin (mental)
Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic)
Axilla or armpit (axillary)
Mamma or breast (mammary)
Brachium or arm (brachial)
Abdomen (abdominal)
Trunk
Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital)
Umbilicus or naval (umbilical)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 8

9. Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Shoulder (acromial)
Dorsum or (back (dorsal)
Olecranon or back of elbow (olecranal)
Upper limb
Lumbus or loin (lumbar) 9

10. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial)
Pelvis (pelvic)
Carpus or wrist (carpal)
Palma or palm (palmar)
Manus or hand (manual)
Inguen or groin (inguinal)
Pollex or thumb
Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal)
Pubis (pubic)
Patella or kneecap (patellar)
Femur or thigh (femoral)
Crus or leg (crural)
Tarsus or ankle (tarsal)
Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal)
Pes or foot (pedal)
Hallux or great toe 10

11. The Language of Anatomy
The Arm and Hand
Brachium
Antecubitis
Antebrachium
Carpus
Palma
Pollex
Axilla
Olecranon (cubitis) 11

12. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2)
Frons or forehead (frontal)
Nasus or nose (nasal)
Oculus or eye (orbital or ocular)
Auris or ear (otic)
Cranium or skull (cranial)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Bucca or cheek (buccal)
Facies or face (facial)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Oris or mouth (oral
Mentis or chin (mental)
Thoracis or thorax, chest (thoracic)
Axilla or armpit (axillary)
Mamma or breast (mammary)
Brachium or arm (brachial)
Abdomen (abdominal)
Trunk
Antecubitis or front of elbow (antecubital)
Umbilicus or naval (umbilical)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial) 12

13. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial)
Pelvis (pelvic)
Carpus or wrist (carpal)
Palma or palm (palmar)
Manus or hand (manual)
Inguen or groin (inguinal)
Pollex or thumb
Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal)
Pubis (pubic)
Patella or kneecap (patellar)
Femur or thigh (femoral)
Crus or leg (crural)
Tarsus or ankle (tarsal)
Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal)
Pes or foot (pedal)
Hallux or great toe 13

14. Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 1 of 2)
Cephalon or head (cephalic)
Cervicis or neck (cervical)
Shoulder (acromial)
Dorsum or (back (dorsal)
Olecranon or back of elbow (olecranal)
Upper limb
Lumbus or loin (lumbar) 14

15. The Language of Anatomy
The Leg and Foot
Inguen
Pubis
Femur
Patella
Crus
Tarsus
Hallux 15

16. The Language of Anatomy
The Leg and Foot (continued)
Gluteus
Gluteal cleft (natal cleft)
Gluteal fold
Popliteus
Sura
Calcaneus
Planta
Hallux 16

17. Figure 1.8a Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2)
Antebrachium or forearm (antebrachial)
Pelvis (pelvic)
Carpus or wrist (carpal)
Palma or palm (palmar)
Manus or hand (manual)
Inguen or groin (inguinal)
Pollex or thumb
Digits (phalanges) or fingers (digital or phalangeal)
Pubis (pubic)
Patella or kneecap (patellar)
Femur or thigh (femoral)
Crus or leg (crural)
Tarsus or ankle (tarsal)
Digits (phalanges) or toes (digital or phalangeal)
Pes or foot (pedal)
Hallux or great toe 17

18. Figure 1.8b Anatomical Landmarks (Part 2 of 2)
Gluteus or buttock (gluteal)
Lower limb
Popliteus or back of knee (popliteal)
Sura or calf (sural)
Calcaneus or heel of foot (calcaneal)
Planta or sole of foot (plantar) 18