1. Schedule Today (3/29): Continue Chapter 17
Should have read through 17.7
Monday (4/1): Finish Chapter 17
Wednesday (4/3): Start Chapter 11

2. Raoult’s Law Question
You have a solution of two volatile liquids, A and B (assume ideal behavior). Pure liquid A has a vapor pressure of torr and pure liquid B has a vapor pressure of torr at the temperature of the solution. The vapor at equilibrium above the solution has double the mole fraction of substance A as the solution does. What is the mole fraction of liquid A in the solution?

3. Vapor Pressure of Solutions
Consider if the solute and solvent are volatile (both contribute to the vapor pressure).

4. Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions
The chemical structures affect intermolecular forces, which affect the ideality of the solution.

5. Phase Diagram of Water
Note: this phase diagram is for a closed system with no air present.

6. Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide

7. Extending the Liquid Range of Water

8. Boiling-Point Elevation
It’s not a surface phenomenon (it is due to vapor pressure, as we’ve discussed).

9. Freezing-Point Depression
Solids have vapor pressure too!

10. BP Elevation and FP Depression

11. Osmotic Pressure
Why does this happen?