1. Illegal drugs
Ch 12 page 284

2. Drugs of abuse
Drug abuse- is the intentional, improper or unsafe use of a drug. Drugs that are used for recreational purposes are called drugs of abuse. Many drugs of abuse are illegal drugs. This means that possessing, using, buying, or selling these drugs is against the law for people of any age.

3. Why drugs are dangerous?
Illegal drugs can have dangerous and permanent effects on the brain and body.
You can become addicted to almost any one of them.
Illegal drugs are a major factor in many suicides, motor vehicle accidents, and crime.
Some illegal drugs require needles, and there is the risk of getting an infectious disease…..HIV and hepatitis.

4. Cont.
Illegal drug use can result in overdose. This is the taking of too much of a drug, which causes sickness, loss of consciousness, permanent health damage or death.
Illegal drugs cause a person to lose their ability to make responsible decisions. Having poor judgement, risky sexual behavior, STD’s, car accidents, or other unsafe situations.

5. Help Me!!!!!

6. Why people begin using? Desire to experiment
Desire to escape from depression or boredom
Enjoyment of risk taking activities
Belief that drugs solve personal, social, or medical problems
Peer pressure
Glamorization by the media, music, videos

7. Teens and drugs
The most common reason teens give for trying illegal drugs are:
Just hanging around a group of people who use drugs creates pressure. This might not be a direct pressure, but teens may give in.
When faced with direct pressure “Come on try it” teens who lack good refusal skills may feel intimidated and may give in.

8. cont
Many teens feel this is a way to escape the feelings of stress, anger, depression, or frustration. The problems are still there when the drug wears off.
Many try out of curiosity.
Many are risk takers, they are seeking the “thrill” to satisfy their desire for new experiences.

9. Sec. 2 page 287
Types of illegal drugs- each type has a different effect on the body and brain. Despite this, all drugs have these 3 things in common:
1- They affect the function of the brain
2- They are dangerous to your health
3- They can result in drug dependence and addiction.

11. 4 commonly abused illegal drugs:
MARIJUANA- Also called pot, weed, reefer, or dope. Is the dried flowers and leaves from the plant cannibas sativa.
The active chemical in marijuana is THC. THC can be detected in the urine for up to several weeks after use. Different strengths of THC are in certain plants.
Marijuana is usually smoked, but can be eaten.

13. Effects of marijuana
The effects of smoked marijuana are felt within minutes and may last up to 2 or 3 hours. The effects of swallowed marijuana are felt within 30 to 60 min. The effects are:
Slowed thinking ability
Difficulty paying attention
Distorted sense of time and distance

19. cont Giddiness (laughing) Loss of short term memory
Loss of balance and coordination
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Panic attacks

23. Marijuana cont
Smoking marijuana over long periods of time have the same impact as smoking cigs. The smoke has some of the same carcinogens as cig smoke does.
Dependence on marijuana is from the tolerance that one builds up to the drug…just as alcohol does.
They feel tired, unmotivated, and depressed when the drug wears off.

24. driving
People high on marijuana show the same issues as driving drunk. When you combine both, can be very dangerous.
Hashish, also known as hash, is the dark brown resin collected from the tops of the cannibas plant. It is compressed into balls or sheets. Pieces are then torn apart and smoked in pipes. The effects of hash are the same as marijuana, only stronger.

26. INHALANTS
Drugs that are inhaled as vapors are called inhalants. Some have medical uses such as nitrous oxide, (laughing gas). Medicines used to treat asthma also come in the form of inhalants.
Some people inhale common household chemicals, such as glue, paint thinner, gasoline, and markers. Also, butane, propane are abused.

29. Cont.
Inhalants are sniffed or huffed directly from an open container. The effects of inhalants include: hyperactivity, loss of inhibitions, and dizziness. Stronger effects include: loss of coordination, difficulty speaking or thinking, fear, anxiety, and loss of consciousness.

31. Dangers of inhalants
Inhalants damage many organs- chemicals like solvents cause permanent hearing loss, bone marrow damage, liver damage, kidney damage, and loss of bladder control.
Inhalants kill brain cells- the vapors replace oxygen found in the blood and cause brain cells to die due to no oxygen. Can cause coma or death

34. cont
Inhalants can cause sudden death- some people’s bodies are sensitive to the solvents in some inhalants. The heart may suddenly stop and they may die. This is called sudden sniffing death syndrome. People usually find out too late that they are sensitive.

35. Various Inhalants

39. Teens and inhalants
The things that are huffed are easy to get, inexpensive, and found in the garage, or in cabinets. Huffing can be the first step on the path to trying other illegal drugs. Drugs that often lead to the abuse of other drugs are called gateway drugs. Inhalants, tobacco and alcohol are all gateway drugs. These are popular with teens.

40. CLUB DRUGS(DESIGNER)
These are drugs designed to closely resemble common illegal drugs in their chemical structure and effect. Club drugs became popular at parties and clubs but can also be found in other places as well.
Club drugs are made in secret, illegal labs, so their strength and quality are unpredictable. Thus, the drugs have unexpected effects. Overdose from club drugs may be hard to treat because the doctors do not know what exactly was taken.

44. Examples of club drugs
Ecstasy- The most commonly abused club drug. Also called MDMA, X, ADAM. Ecstasy is both a stimulant/hallucinogenic. Ecstasy can be taken as a pill, or crushed and snorted. The effects include: increased awareness of senses, hallucinations, increased energy, and loss of judgement. Side effects are: muscle tension, teeth clenching, impaired learning, memory loss, nausea, chills, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, heart attack, death.

46. Cont.
Ecstasy decreases the body’s ability to control its temperature. This results in someone being overheated. People dancing all night at night clubs can die from heat stroke while taking ecstasy.

47. GHB
GHB is a clear liquid or a white powder that causes euphoria, relaxation, dizziness, and loss of inhibitions. Some people high on GHB stop breathing and die. When it is combined with other depressants like alcohol, death is more likely. Some people take GHB with ecstasy thinking it will make the high better or stronger, but it puts you at a higher risk of seizure.

48. GHB
GHB has been sued in many sexual assaults because it makes the victim incapable of resisting, they pass out. This is also known as date-rape drugs.

49. KETAMINE
Is another type of club drug. Also known as special K, kit kat,or vitamine K.
The effects are: hallucinations, numbness, inability to move, loss of memory and separation of reality.
Some users hurt themselves because they are unable to feel pain.

50. PCP
Also called angel dust, can produce effects that can range from mild euphoria to distortions of reality, out of body experiences, and psychoactive behavior.
People on PCP often act very violently towards others and themselves.
The mental disturbances can last from a few hours to a few weeks.

51. Look a Like drugs
These are abused substances that are only slightly different from other, better known drugs. Only, you never know what you are getting.
An example, PMA and DXM are often sold as ecstasy.
These are often cheaper.

52. Anabolic steroids
Hormones are substances that are made and released in one part of the body and that cause a change in another part of the body.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone that are used to promote muscle development.
Anabolic means “building”

53. Steroids cont
When prescribed, anabolic steroids are used to treat muscle wasting in AIDS patients, or to assist with wound healing in the elderly, and to treat abnormally low levels of testosterone in males.
These drugs are unique because they don’t have immediate psychoactive effects. It takes awhile for the steroids to take effect. They affect the body, not the brain.

54. Effects Males: Stunted growth Aggression Liver cancer Severe acne
Baldness
Shrinking of testes (low sperm count), causes infertility

55. Steroids cont Females: Severe acne Increased facial hair Baldness
Deeper voice
Disrupted menstrual cycle
Rapid weight gain

56. Effects on the mind
Large doses tend to make abusers irritable and aggressive, this is called roid rage. This can lead to violent crimes, assault, rape.

57. Sec 3 pg 295 Other drugs of abuse: There are 4 categories:
Stimulants- are drugs that temporarily increase a person’s energy and alertness.
Depressants- are drugs that cause relaxation and sleepiness.
Opiates- are a group of highly addictive drugs derived from the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers, anesthetics, and sedatives.

58. cont
Hallucinogens- are drugs that distort perceptions and cause a person to see or hear things that are not real.
Many of these drugs are used as medicines: ritalin is used to treat ADHD. Depressants can be used to help people who have difficulty sleeping. Some opiates are used as anesthetics during surgery.

59. Stimulants
Include: caffeine, nicotine, meth (ritalin), amphetamines, cocaine, and crack.
Amphetamines: these are produced in labs, and some treat neurological disorders and life threatening obesity.
Methamphetamines- illegal meth includes: meth, crystal, or ice. Usually appears as white or yellowish crystals called rocks that are crushed and smokes or injected.

66. Cont.
Meth’s intense effects can last for hours, includes: euphoria, loss of appetite, increased alertness, hyperactivity.
Repeated use causes severe damage to the body. Overdose is common. Meth is made in illegal labs called meth labs.

67. Cocaine and crack cocaine
Cocaine comes from the coca plant, which grows in S. America. The leaves are processed into a fine, white powder that is snorted through the nose, or made into a liquid and injected.
Powdered cocaine can be converted into crack cocaine which is a crystalized form that is smoked.

68. Cocaine cont
The effects of crack cocaine are very similar to meth. The effects are more intense than powdered cocaine, but do not last as long.
Large doses or repeated use of cocaine causes agitation, paranoia, and aggression. Users can’t eat or sleep, and at times may lose touch with reality.

69. Cocaine cont
When the drug wears off, the aftereffects, called a crash, include agitation, extreme sleepiness, depression and an intense craving for more drug.

70. Depressants
Depressants are drugs that cause relaxation and sleepiness, slows down brain activity. These include: tranquilizers (used to treat anxiety) and hypnotics (powerful depressants used to treat sleep disorders and seizures).
Rohypnol: a powerful hypnotic, also called roofies, or the forget pill. The most frequently used date rape drug.

71. Depressants cont
DXM: it is a legal ingredient in cough syrups that help stop coughing. In high doses, its effects are similar to PCP. The user feels spacey and may lose muscular control.

72. OPIATES
They are an example of drugs that can be a highly valuable medicine and a deadly drug of abuse.
Opiates come from the flowering poppy plant. When used as medicine, it reduces pain, relieves diarrhea, stops coughing.
When they are abused, addiction can be quick. They experience very unpleasant experiences when they try to quit. Shaking, cramps, vomiting, chills.

75. HEROIN
The most commonly abused opiate. It is a chemically altered form of morphine that can be swallowed, snorted or injected. It creates an initial rush that quickly subsides into a dreamlike state.
Tolerance to heroin develops rapidly. Smoking and snorting heroin loses its effectiveness the more you do it. So users begin to inject it to achieve the same high.

76. Heroin cont Heroin addicts:
Lose their jobs because they can’t stay sober long enough to work.
Have poor living conditions
Suffer many health problems due to needles.
Engage in crime to finance their addiction
Choke on their own vomit when they pass out.

77. Heroin cont
Along with cocaine, heroin is the drug mostly connected with violent crimes.
Because withdrawal symptoms are extremely bad, heroin addicts will do almost anything to get another dose.
Repeatedly injecting heroin can cause skin infections, open wounds, and scarring.
Hepatitis and AIDS

78. Opium
Also called black or dream stick, is a bitter, brownish drug that is made of the dried juice of the opium poppy. It is a mild pain killer.

80. Morphine and Codeine
Morphine is also called Mr. Blue or morpho, is very similar to heroin. It is used leagally for patients in sever pain, such as terminal cancer. Codeine is used for coughing.

81. Hallucinogens
These are drugs that distort perceptions and cause the user to experience things that are not real.
When someone is on these drugs, their emotional experiences seem deeper and more important.

82. LSD
Usually taken in the form of tablets or absorbed through the tongue or on small paper squares. (acid)
The effects are not easy to predict. Sometimes LSD increases energy, alter mood, and create strange thoughts and sensations. It can also cause nausea, vomiting, bizarre body sensations.

83. LSD cont
People on LSD may experience huge emotional swings. They often become really frightened.
Users may panic and confused when they find they cannot control their thoughts and feelings, they get scared.
A flashback is when the user feels the effects of LSD days or weeks after they took it. These can be frightening.

84. Mushrooms
Called psilocybin are hallucinogenic drugs with effects similar to LSD. You either eat or mix with food.
Magic Mushrooms alter perceptions of sight, sound, taste, smell or touch. Occasional flashbacks can happen days, weeks or months later.
It is difficult to see the difference in these mushrooms and other toxic or poisonous ones.
Can lead to diarrhea, vomiting, and even death.

86. Sec 4 pg. 301
The dangerous intoxication and side effects are not the only risks of illegal drug abuse:
Car accidents
Accidental injury or death
Violence and crime
Unplanned pregnancy
STD’s

87. cont
Most of the time, the activities that get people into trouble are things a person would never do if he or she were not high on drugs.
It takes getting high one time to engage in a behavior that will change the rest of your life.

88. Drug use and crime
People get arrested everyday for possession of illegal drugs, or having the supplies to make them.
Addiction to drugs is expensive. Many abusers will steal or sell drugs to get $ to buy their drugs.

89. Drug abuse and the family
Among the first things a family loses when a teen starts using drugs is TRUST. Teens may steal $, and lie to not get caught. Good relationships need trust to thrive.
Warning signs if you suspect someone is using drugs:
Has unusual emotional reactions to situations
Withdraws from family activities

90. cont Repeatedly breaks household or school rules.
Starts to dress differently.

91. Drug abuse and violence
Drug addicts are at risk for physically hurting their family members or hurting themselves. 25% to 50% of all family violence is drug related.
75% of female victims of domestic violence were attacked by someone who was high or drunk.

92. Drug abuse during pregnancy
Mothers who are addicted are at risk of delivering a baby who is physically dependent as well. The baby is born high and addicted.
The baby also has to go through withdrawal. This is called neonatal abstinence syndrome.
This process can be uncomfortable and distressing. These babies can be hard to care for.

93. Drug abuse and society
In 1962 only 4 million Americans had tried an illegal drug, by 1999, 99 million had done so.
The economic costs of drug abuse in the US is estimated at $110 billion.
Healthcare costs alone were $38 billion. AIDS accounted for $4 billion.

94. cont Loss of production at work due to illness, jail time etc.
Accidental injury
Car crashes
Suicide
Overdose

95. Drug abuse and crime
The link between drug abuse and crime is undeniable. In 1983, only 1 prisoner in 11 was jailed for a drug related crime. Now this ratio is 1 in 4. there have been so many arrests for drugs that many states have been forced to establish special drug courts just to deal with the huge numbers.

96. treatment
Recovering: is the process of learning to live without drugs. Most addicts cannot do this alone.
There are out-patient, 12 step programs, hospitals etc…to help.
Look at the 12 step program on pg. 306
Intervention
relapse