Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Figure 20.1 Sperm and Egg Differ Greatly in Size
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
2
Figure 20.4 Patterns of Cleavage in Four Model Organisms (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
3
Figure 20.4 Patterns of Cleavage in Four Model Organisms (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
4
Figure 20.5 The Mammalian Zygote Becomes a Blastocyst (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
5
Figure 20.7 Twinning in Humans
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
6
Two Blastulas
8
The Primary Germ Layers zygote blastula gastrula chordates vertebrates
brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves ventral nerve cord lining of respiratory tract pharynx epidermis lining of digestive tract endoderm ectoderm neural crest gastrula notochord gill arches, sensory ganglia, Schwann cells, adrenal medulla glands circulatory system mesoderm integuments pancreas, liver blood, vessels outer covering of internal organs gonads somites heart lining of thoracic and abdominal cavities kidney segmented muscles skeleton dermis
9
Figure 20.8 Gastrulation in Sea Urchins
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
10
Figure 20.9 Gastrulation in the Frog Embryo (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
11
Figure 20.9 Gastrulation in the Frog Embryo (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
12
Figure 20.9 Gastrulation in the Frog Embryo (Part 3)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
13
Neurulation “For the real amazement, if you wish to be amazed, is this process. You start out as a single cell derived from the coupling of a sperm and an egg; this divides in two, then four, then eight, and so on, and at a certain stage there emerges a single cell which has as all its progeny the human brain. The mere existence of such a cell should be one of the great astonishments of the earth. People ought to be walking around all day, all through their waking hours calling to each other in endless wonderment, talking of nothing except that cell.” --Lewis Thomas
14
Figure 20.15 Neurulation in the Frog Embryo (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
15
Figure 20.15 Neurulation in the Frog Embryo (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
16
Figure 20.16 The Development of Body Segmentation
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
17
Figure 20.10 Spemann’s Experiment
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
18
Figure 20.11 The Dorsal Lip Induces Embryonic Organization
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
19
Figure 20.2 The Gray Crescent
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
20
Figure 20.3 Cytoplasmic Factors Set Up Signaling Cascades
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
21
Figure 20.12 Molecular Mechanisms of the Primary Embryonic Organizer
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
22
multiple signals pattern the vertebrate neural tube and somite
NC Shh sclerotome dermomyotome motorneurons fp dorsal epidermal ectoderm NT Wnt? somite Wnt BMP-4 FGF5? lateral mesoderm NT-3 multiple signals pattern the vertebrate neural tube and somite 6
23
Figure 19.9 Embryonic Inducers in the Vertebrate Eye
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
24
Induction in eye development
25
Figure 19. 10 Induction during Vulval Development in C
Figure Induction during Vulval Development in C. elegans (Part 1) Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
26
Figure 19. 10 Induction during Vulval Development in C
Figure Induction during Vulval Development in C. elegans (Part 2) Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
28
Origami: sets of instructions (programs)
to build 3-D models of organisms out of paper – Is this how developmental programs work?
29
Determination Differentiation A B C D E F G H
The “landscape” of developmental programs: The determination of different cell types involves progressive restrictions in their developmental potentials. When a cell “chooses” a particular fate, it is said to be determined. Differentiation follows determination, as the cell elaborates a cell-specific developmental program. Determination Differentiation Differentiated Cell Types A B C D E F G H
30
2-D Electrophoresis of proteins extracted from two
different mouse tissues Mouse Liver Proteins Mouse Lung Proteins
31
Sets of gene products in two cell types A A & B B Cell types A & B share a common set of “housekeeping” gene products and a set of unique “luxury” gene products that represent the A or B developmental program
32
Figure 19.2 Developmental Potential in Early Frog Embryos
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
33
Figure 19.3 Cloning a Plant (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
34
Figure 19.3 Cloning a Plant (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
35
Figure 19.4 A Clone and Her Offspring (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
36
Figure 19.4 A Clone and Her Offspring (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
37
Figure 19.4 A Clone and Her Offspring (Part 3)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
38
Figure Cloned Mice Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
39
21_41_cloning.jpg 21_41_cloning.jpg
40
What is a stem cell? stem cell determined cell differentiated cell
41
21_39_hemopoietic.jpg 21_39_hemopoietic.jpg
42
Recent breakthroughs in stem cell research :
stem cells can be obtained from adults and embryos/fetal tissue stem cells are multipotent! this very likely has theraputic value
43
Determination Differentiation A B C D E F G H
The “landscape” of developmental programs: The determination of different cell types involves progressive restrictions in cellular developmental potentials. When a cell “chooses” a particular fate, it is said to be determined. Differentiation follows determination, as the cell elaborates a cell-specific developmental program. Determination Differentiation Differentiated Cell Types A B C D E F G H
45
Uses of human embryos obtain stem cells
somatic cell transfer, then obtain stem cells use stem cells that are coaxed to develop into different tissues for therapeutic purposes
47
Figure 20.14 A Human Blastocyst at Implantation
Figures\Chapter20\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
51
Week 1 Week 2
52
Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
53
Figure 19.6 The Potential Use of Embryonic Stem Cells in Medicine (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
54
Figure 19.6 The Potential Use of Embryonic Stem Cells in Medicine (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
55
Figure 19.7 Asymmetry in the Early Embryo (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
56
Figure 19.7 Asymmetry in the Early Embryo (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
57
Figure 19.8 The Principle of Cytoplasmic Segregation
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
58
Figure 19.9 Embryonic Inducers in the Vertebrate Eye
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
59
Figure 19.11 Apoptosis Removes the Tissue between Fingers
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
60
Figure 19.12 Organ Identity Genes in Arabidopsis Flowers (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
61
Figure 19.12 Organ Identity Genes in Arabidopsis Flowers (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
62
Figure 19.13 A Nonflowering Mutant
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
64
c. b. a. d. e. Nurse cells Anterior Posterior Movement of
maternal mRNA Oocyte Follicle Fertilized egg a. d. e. Three larval stages Syncytial blastoderm Cellular blastoderm Nuclei line up along surface, and membranes grow between them to form a cellular blastoderm. Segmented embryo prior to hatching Metamorphosis Abdomen Thorax Head Hatching larva Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nucleus Embryo
65
Egg with maternally-deposited mRNA A P
bicoid nanos Gradients of informational proteins encoded by maternal mRNA Gap Genes hunchback Krupple Knirps Pair RuleGenes Segment Polarity Genes Homeotic Genes
66
Figure 19.15 A Gene Cascade Controls Pattern Formation in the Drosophila Embryo
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
67
Fig
68
Figure 19.14 Bicoid and Nanos Protein Gradients Provide Positional Information (Part 1)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
69
Figure 19.14 Bicoid and Nanos Protein Gradients Provide Positional Information (Part 2)
Figures\Chapter19\High-Res\life7e-fig jpg
70
hunchback & Krupple - gap class
71
even skipped - pair rule class
72
fushi tarazu (ftz) & even skipped (eve) - pair rule class
73
engrailed - segment polarity class
75
Fig
76
wild-type Antennapediamutant Fly heads
77
Fig
78
wildtype mouse Hoxb-4 knockout 5
79
2
Similar presentations
