1. Chapter 16 Section 2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign
Objective: Explain how the Japanese expanded their power in the Pacific
Vocabulary: Isoroku Yamamoto, Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway, Douglas MacArthur, & Battle of Guadalcanal
New: How can a country justify starting a war? Explain
Are surprise attacks ever completely a surprise? Explain
Review: Who did Hitler sign a nonaggression pact with?
When did the war start?
When did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?
What was the Atlantic Charter?

2. Setting the Stage
Japan’s military leaders also had dreams of an empire
Their expansion begun in 1931
To increase their resources, Japanese leaders looked toward the rich European colonies of Southeast Asia to expand their empire
Took over Manchuria in China
The war in China dragged on, Japan looked for more territories

3. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor
Americans were aware of Japanese plans for taking over European colonies in Southeast Asia
The US feared their colonies would be threatened if Japan conquered European colonies
In July 1941, Roosevelt cut of oil shipments to Japan
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto also called for an attack on the US naval fleet in Hawaii
Colonies of Guam & the Philippines
After Japan took over Vietnam, Cambodia, & Laos
Was France able to protect their colonies or fight back?
They viewed the United States at a direct threat to their empire
Called it a dagger pointed at Japan’s throat

4. Day of Infamy
December 7th 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
Over 2 hours, the Japanese sunk 19 ships, including 8 battleships & 2300 Americans were killed
Roosevelt declared the attack “a date which will live in infamy”
Congress quickly accepted Roosevelt’s request for a declaration of war on Japan & its allies
U.S. Military leaders knew an attack might happen there but they didn’t know when, where, or how
Arizona is the ship you can see in Hawaii
Over 1100 were wounded
Who were Japan’s allies?

6. Japanese Victories
January 1942, Japanese began their march toward the Philippine capital
The Japanese took the Bataan Peninsula in April
The Japanese also took control of British possessions in Asia
The Japanese quickly made it clear that they had come as conquerors in Asia
Tried to win the support of Asian countries by saying
“East Asia for Asiatics”
Anti-colonists

7. Japanese Victories
The Japanese reserved the most brutal treatment for Allied prisoners of war
The Japanese considered it dishonorable to surrender
Bataan Death March: prisoners of American & Filipino troops were forced to march for 50 miles up the peninsula
Out of 70,000 prisoners only 54,000 survived
Unbroken

8. The Allies Strike Back
April 1942, Lieutenant Doolittle began bombing Tokyo & several other Japanese cities
Although the bombing did very little, it showed the Americans & Japanese that Japan was vulnerable to attack
“We started to doubt if we were invincible”

9. The Allies Turn the Tide
Allies began to try to turn the tide of war
Battle of Coral Sea – they began a new type of naval warfare
Airplanes took off from ships & attacked ships
Battle of Coral Sea – Allies had stopped Japan’s southward advance
Allies lost more in this battle than the Japanese but it was still considered a victory

10. The Battle of Midway
Japan next targeted Midway Island, the location of a key American airfield
Allied coder breakers learned of the attack ahead of time
Yamamoto hoped that attack on Midway would draw the whole US Pacific Fleet from Pearl Harbor to defend the island
American ships hid beyond the horizon & attacked Japanese ships & planes at Midway Island
The Battle of Midway turned the tide of war in the Pacific
June 4th 1942
June 7th 1942, the battle was over
Destroyed 332 Japanese planes & all four aircraft carriers

11. An Allied Offensive
General Douglas MacArthur, developed a plan to “island- hop” to bring the allies closer to Japan
Allies wanted to attack the Japanese airbase on the island of Guadalcanal
Battle of Guadalcanal turned into a savage struggle as both sides continued to fight for control
The Japanese eventually abandoned the island
“Island of Death”
Japanese lost 24,000 out of 36,000 soldiers on the island