1. 17.1
Two Sides

2. Division in the Border States
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri  Border states that were divided, all four states had slaves, all four states had ties to North and South
North needed these border states:
MO – Union could control parts of Mississippi River and major routes to the West
KY – Controlled Ohio River
DE – close to Philadelphia, an important Union city
MD – close to Richmond, the Confederate Capital, and if Maryland seceded the North would lose its capital Washington D.C.

3. Strengths and Weaknesses
South (The Confederacy/The Rebels)
North (The Union)
Larger population
More resources
Did not know the land
Wanted to fight to protect the Union
Smaller population
Less resources
Knew the land very well
Excellent military leaders
Strong fighting spirit- had a will to fight and wanted to preserve their way of life

5. North South Goals of War Wanted to be an independent nation
Wanted to restore the Nation
Invade the South and force the seceded states to give up their fight for independence
Lincoln wanted to save the Union, at first his aim was not to defeat slavery
Wanted to be an independent nation
Fight long enough to prove to the North that the war was not worth the cost

6. North Battle Plans Major plan came from General Winfield Scott
Anaconda Plan -
Union would blockade Southern ports
Stop supplies from reaching Confederate troops
Prevent South from exporting cotton
Gain control of Mississippi River
Cut Southern supply lines
Capture Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital)

7. South Battle Plans Defensive war
If they held their ground, Northerners would give up
Looked to Britain and France for support and to pressure the North
Two countries relied on Southern cotton

8. Americans against Americans
Families were divided
Senator Crittenden- two sons, one a General for the Union and the other a general for the Confederacy
Men of all ages rushed to enlist (formally join a military force)
Some for patriotism
Some out of fear of being called a coward
Some for excitement

9. Soldiers Mostly in their mid-20s
Tens of thousands were under 18, some even younger than 14
Union- refused to let free African Americans fight at first, later changed that policy
Confederacy- refused to let African Americans fight until the final days…they did not want to give enslaved people weapons

10. Soldiers continued… Came from all over the states
Majority came from farms
Summer Confederates had about 112,000 Rebels
Summer Union had about 187,000 Yankees
By the end of the war: Confederates had a total of about 900,000 men fighting and the Union had about 2.1 million
Union army included about 200,000 African Americans
Roughly 10,000 Mexican Americans served in this war

11. Soldier’s Life and Horrors of War
Most of the time soldiers lived in camps
Mainly a routine of drills, bad food, marches, and rain
Thousands of casualties overwhelmed medical facilities
After Battle of Shiloh – wounded lay in the rain for 24 hours
Faced with these realities, many men deserted.
About one out of every eleven Union soldiers deserted
About one out of every eight Confederate soldiers deserted