1. Warm Up 3/25/19
On this day, pancakes were first made.  Many would consider pancakes to be their favorite breakfast food.  Would you?  What is your favorite food to eat for breakfast?

2. Science Warm Up 3/25/19 begins with glucose and produces ATP.
A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. The light-dependent phase
D. Photosynthesis

3. Energy Flow in Ecosystems

4. Energy
All living things need energy to grow and to carry out their activities.
They get this energy from their food or directly from the Sun.
This energy is passed from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

5. Producers
Producers are living things that can make their own food by using energy in sunlight. Plants are one kind of producer and they make their food through photosynthesis.

6. Consumers
A consumer is an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms. Animals, fungi, some protists, and some bacteria are consumers.

7. Herbivores Herbivores are consumers that only eat plants.
They are called primary, or first level consumers.

8. Herbivores
Primary consumers eat producers.

9. Carnivores
Carnivores are consumers that eat meat. Most are predators, but some are scavengers that eat the meat of dead animals.

10. Carnivores
They can be secondary (second-level) consumers, which means they eat the primary consumers, or…

11. Carnivores
…tertiary (third-level) consumers, which means they eat the secondary consumers.

12. Omnivores Omnivores eat both plants and animals.
Some humans are omnivores.

13. Decomposers
Decomposers are consumers that get energy by breaking down dead plants and animals. They return materials stored in dead plants and animals to the soil, water, and air. Then green plants use the materials to make food.

14. Food Chains & Food Webs
As organisms eat other organisms, they get energy. Food chains and food webs show us how that energy moves from one organism to another in an ecosystem.

15. Food Chain
A food chain is a model that shows how energy flows from one organism to another.

16. Food Chain
The arrows show how energy flows from the plant to the mouse,from the mouse to the snake, and so on.

17. Food Chain
But, mice are not the only organisms that get their energy from plants, and snakes are not the only organisms that get their energy from eating mice.

18. Food Web So, we have food webs to show us more of these relationships.
Food webs show overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.

19. A Food Web

20. Questions What do the arrows in a food chain or food web represent?
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
Where does the energy for all living things ultimately originate?
What is always the last step in a food chain or food web?

21. Energy Pyramid
An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows the amount of energy that flows through an ecosystem.

22. Energy Pyramid The shape of the energy pyramid represents two things:
the decrease in the amount of energy moving from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers to tertiary consumers
the decrease in the number of organisms in an ecosystem as you move up the food chain.

23. Energy Pyramid

25. Closure Questions 3/25/19
Why would there be less energy available to move from one level to the next?
Why would an ecosystem have fewer organisms as you move up the food chain?

26. Answers
The reason there is less energy available from one level to the next is because some of the energy was used up by the organisms in the previous level to carry out life processes. Not all of the energy was stored in their bodies. In fact, only about 10% of the energy taken in at a level is passed on to the next level, while 90% is used up.