2. The U.S. becomes an
Industrial Giant

12. Industrial Revolution
The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s.
Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications.
Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing.

13. The major issues that emerged during both IR as a result of the mechanization of production and the growth of industrial cities were bad outcomes for the laboring working class because they lost a sense of life, had health problems, and had little to live off of. They were treated unfairly by the businesses and government

14. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
1. Natural Resources
The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufacturing.
New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene
Discovery of oil.
An abundance of raw materials
materials was one reason for
the nation’s industrial success.
Timber
Coal
Iron
Copper
American companies could obtain
resources cheaply and did not
have to import from other
countries.

15. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
2. Population Growth
3. Technology
It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of immigrants.
Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods.
Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.

16. New Technologies help nation grow
With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers.
Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods.
The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.

17. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
4. Role of Government
Laissez-faire a policy that government
should interfere as little as possible in the
free market.
A economic system with little or no
government regulation is known as a free
enterprise system.

19. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
The policy encouraged industrialization in many ways:
When an inventor created a new invention he registered it with the American government so no one else could create the same machine. This was called a patent, exclusive right to make or sell an invention. Patents encouraged new inventions
Tariffs protected American Manufactured good
Laws protected property and contracts
Land grants encouraged railroad construction
Government regulated currency & banks

20. Influence for the SIR First Industrial Revolution Civil War
Great Britain introduced the use of steam power & mass production of goods in factories.
U.S. first nation to follow Great Britain
Railroad and steamboats led an expansion of raw cotton for export to British factories.
Northern manufacturing doubled in the decade of the Civil War with the production of uniform, food, guns and other goods.
Civil War Legislation encouraging economic growth such as the Homestead Act, Morrill Act, Pacific Railway Act made the expansion possible

21. Social Causes of the SIR
Change from domestic (farming) to factory (industrial) system of production
Farmers were leaving their agriculture (farm) way of life to the cities
Many Europeans immigrated to the United States because of the American industries had plenty of jobs available

22. Inventors and Inventions
The Patent Office had never seen a year like Averages of nearly 60 patents, or licenses for new inventions, were being generated every day. The United States had become the land of invention. These inventions made life easier in American homes. There were inventions and improvements in every area.

23. Speeding up Communication
Better communication was important to American businesses. The telegraph helped quicken communication.
Samuel Morse invented the telegraph(like texting today)
Morse's invention speeded up communication in the United States.
It took weeks to get a message to Europe to arrive by boat. In 1858, Cyrus Field completed the layout for an underwater telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean.
It wasn't until 1866, that the cable was completed and the first message was sent to Europe.

24. Alexander Graham Bell:The Telephone
One of the most dramatic invention was in the field of communication. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell, a teacher of the deaf, invented the first telephone.
It revolutionized communication by increasing the scale and speed of nationwide communications.
Bell started the company called the Bell Telephone Company and made millions with his invention of the telephone.
People no longer had to go to a telegraph office to send a message. Now they can talk on a telephone in their own home.

26. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, the phonograph, the movie projector, and batteries.

27. One of Edison's most important inventions was the creation of and electric power plant in Within a year Edison's invention was supplying electric power to homes and more power plants were built. Steam powered engines were soon replaced with safer electric motors.
It provided electricity for everyone.

28. African American Inventors
Many African Americans contributed to the flood of inventions.
Elijah McCoy created a special device that oiled engines automatically in This device was widely used on railroad engines.

29. Granville T. Woods found a way to send telegraph messages between moving trains.

30. It was more readily available and affordable to
In the late 1850's William Kelly and Henry Bessemer discovered a new way to make steel. It was called the Bessemer Process.
The Bessemer Process was a faster and cheaper way to make steel by blasting hot air through iron
It was more readily available and affordable to
railroad companies, more railroads were
built throughout the U.S. As a result railroads laid lines of steel that would not rust easily
and would last a long time. This
caused the West to expand, cities to
grow, and communication and
transportation was forever changed
for the better.

31. Pittsburgh became the steel capital of the country.
With this development of the Bessemer process, steel mills sprang up all over the country.
Pittsburgh became the steel capital of the country.
The steel mills brought jobs and prosperity to Pittsburgh. It also brought thick black smoke that covered the land called soot. The steel production made the rivers turn yellow from the pollution.
I am hot in here!

32. Impact of the Railroads
Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport material and finished products.
Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.
By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.
Railroad encouraged growth; made westward expansion possible and helped develop the country
New towns developed along railroad lines

33. Henry Flagler
Flagler was fascinated with Florida. He devoted his time to developing the Sunshine State.
He built the Ponce de Leon Hotel (now Flagler College) a luxury hotel in St. Augustine.
Later built luxury resorts in Palm Beach & Miami, forming the basis for Tourism in Florida

34. Flagler greatest impact was the railroad building in Florida
Flagler greatest impact was the railroad building in Florida. He was able to buy and build railroads connecting the entire length of Florida from Jacksonville to Miami and eventually all the way to Key West. He formed the Florida East Coast Railroad.

35. Florida East Coast Railroad
The railroad brought tourists to fill his hotels, made it possible for Floridians to export their agricultural products and supplies, and settlers in Florida.
Even helped Floridians ship exports to the Caribbean and beyond.
Unfortunately, his railroad to Key West was destroyed by hurricane in 1935.

36. 1885

37. 1889

38. 1894

39. 1896

40. 1912
Flagler dies a year later

41. 1935

45. By Cudjoe Key
A new bridge (left) and the old bridge (right) at Channel Five between Craig Key and Long Key.

46. This railway is still used everyday with only slight modifications
This railway is still used everyday with only slight modifications. It no longer runs passengers. Instead it transports freight. Flagler’s contribution to the growth of Miami were so important that he was given the title as the “Father of Miami”

47. Technology changed the way that people lived.
The End
Technology changed the way that people lived.