1. The Cardiovascular System

2. II. Blood Vessels Introduction Venules Arterioles Veins Arteries
Capillaries

3. II-A Blood Vessels (Vascular) A. Blood Vessel Structure
Artery
Define
General Function
Pressure
Wall thickness & elasticity
b. Vein
Wall
Valves
Artery
Valve Open
Valve
Vein
Valve Closed

4. Valve (open) Valve (closed) Vein
Contracted
skeletal
muscle
Valve (closed)
Vein
Direction of
blood flow
Figure 11.11

5. A. Blood Vessel Structure …
c. Cappillaries
Structure
Precapillary Sphincters
Function
Cap. Bed
Overall Function: Exchange of substances
Cappillary Bed
Sphincters Relaxed
Sphincters Constricted

6. Figure 11.13 Arteries of the head and trunk Internal carotid artery
External carotid artery
Common carotid arteries
Vertebral artery
Arteries that supply the upper limb
Subclavian artery
Subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic arch
Axillary artery
Ascending aorta
Coronary artery
Thoracic aorta
(above diaphragm)
Brachial artery
Celiac trunk
Abdominal aorta
Superior mesenteric
artery
Radial artery
Ulnar artery
Renal artery
Gonadal artery
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Digital arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery
Arteries that supply the lower limb
Common iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Internal iliac artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Arcuate artery
Figure 11.13

7. B. Major Arteries of System Circulation: (know what it branches from & where it is going)
1. Aorta
a. Largest artery in the body
b. *Heart Region attached to:
c. Regions– all Regions of the Aorta have arterial branches that then go to specific body regions
*Ascending aorta: location
*Aortic arch: location
*Thoracic aorta: location
Goes through Diaphragm
*Abdominal aorta: location

8. Major Arteries of System Circulation …
2. Arterial branches of Aorta
*Right & left coronary arteries
*Amount of O2 in blood:
*Delivers blood to:
b. Right & Left Common Carotid Arteries
Location:
Amount of O2 in blood:
Delivers blood to:

9. Aorta Arterial Branches …
c. *Gastric Arteries– supplies: d. *Common Hepatic Artery– supplies: e. *Renal Arteries—supplies:

10. Figure 11.14 Veins of the head and trunk Dural venous sinuses
External jugular vein
Vertebral vein
Internal jugular vein
Veins that drain the upper limb
Subclavian vein
Right and left
brachiocephalic veins
Axillary vein
Superior vena cava
Cephalic vein
Brachial vein
Great cardiac vein
Basilic vein
Hepatic veins
Splenic vein
Hepatic portal vein
Renal vein
Median cubital vein
Superior
mesenteric vein
Ulnar vein
Radial vein
Inferior
mesenteric vein
Digital veins
Veins that drain the lower limb
External iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
Femoral vein
Common iliac vein
Great saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Internal iliac vein
Posterior tibial vein
Anterior tibial vein
Small saphenous vein
Dorsal venous arch
Dorsal metatarsal veins
Figure 11.14

11. C. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation
1. *Superior vena cava
*Amount of O2 in blood
*Body region drained:
2. *Inferior Vena Cava
3. *Cardiac Veins
4. Veins draining into the Superior Vena Cava
*Jugular veins (Internal & External):

12. Major Veins of Systemic Circulation …
4. Veins draining into the Inferior Vena Cava: the following drain regions that the arteries of the same name took blood to
b. Hepatic Veins
d. Renal Veins
c. Gastric

13. D. Fetal Circulation
1. Blood flow differences: In Fetus blood bypasses the lungs & Right Ventricle of Heart
Why?
2. Foramen Ovale:
Fossa Ovalis in adult
3. Ductus Arteriosus:
Ligamentum Arteriosum in adult

14. Fossa
Ovalis
ligamentum arteriosum

15. Umbilical arteries (2)—carry carbon dioxide and wastes
Fetal Circulation …
Superior vena cava
Ductus arteriosus
4. Fetal Nutrition:
a. Placenta
b. Umbilical cord:
Umbilical arteries (2)—carry carbon dioxide and wastes
Umbilical vein—carries nutrients and oxygen
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Foramen ovale
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic vein
Ductus venosus
Inferior vena cava
Hepatic portal vein
Umbilical vein
Fetal umbilicus
Aorta
Common iliac artery
Umbilical cord
External iliac artery
Internal iliac artery
Umbilical arteries
Urinary bladder
KEY:
High oxygenation
Moderate oxygenation
Low oxygenation
Very low oxygenation
Placenta

16. E. Physiology of Blood vessels 1. Pulse and Heart Rate
Superficial temporal artery
= Pressure wave of blood as heart contracts and relaxes; same as heart rate
a. *Pressure Points: define
Wrist
Upper neck
b. Pulse averages 70 to 76 beats per minute at rest
Facial artery
Common carotid artery
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posterior tibial
artery
Dorsalis pedis
artery

17. 2. Blood Pressure: BP
*= define
a. Measured in mmHg
Systolic: describe
Diastolic: describe
Average: 120/80 mm Hg
b. *Sphygmomanometer: define

18. c. Factors that affect BP:
i) Cardiac Output: amount of blood leaving the heart per time
Water content
Heart rate
ii) Peripheral Resistance = friction blood encounters as it flows through vessels mostly due to the diameter of the blood vessels.
The higher the resistance, the higher the BP
Constricted, then Resistance ____________
Dilated, then Resistance ____________

19. iii) Other Factors that affect BP
Age-- older ____________ BP
Weight– too much 
Exercise– not enough 
Emotional state– stress & fear
Amount of salt in diet
d. Control of Blood Pressure
Nervous System’s affect on heart rate and blood vessel diameter
Endocrine System via hormones (some from kidney) affects the amount of water and ions (Na+) in the blood

20. END F. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
*1. Hypertension = Blood Pressure is consistently high
High systolic: above mm Hg
High diastolic: above 90
*Health Result:
*2. Atherosclerosis = Fatty/Cholesteral deposit in the inside of Blood Vessels
END