1. How important is gambling in national GDP: case study from Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia
ANDREJ RASPOR , PhD, Assistant Professor
School of Advanced Social Studies
IVA BULATOVIĆ, PhD, Assistant Professor
ANA STRANJANČEVIĆ, PhD, Assistant Professor
DARKO LACMANOVIĆ, Full Professor
University Mediterranean
Faculty for tourism Montenegro Tourism School

2. Introduction
The situation in the field of gambling is changing due to the rise of Internet and Mobile gambling.
In general gambling consumption is increasing every year, but the distribution of consumption has radically changed from Land Based gambling to Remote gambling.
The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the world gambling industry and a specific overview in Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in order to find some main similarities and differences in observed period.

3. Introduction Three central arguments made in this article are:
(1) Gambling is an important industry in both the tourism and entertainment.
(2) Comparison of development in two Countries with long capitalist tradition and two Post-Communist Countries.
(3) Countries benefit greatly from gambling as gambling revenues represent a significant part of GDP.
The main research question
How important is gambling for the involved countries and what proportion of the national GDP does the gambling revenue account for?

4. Methodology

5. World Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (billion USD)
Year
Revenue from gambling and betting
GDP
Gambling and betting in GDP
Basic gambling Income Index (2001)
Basic index of gambling revenues in GDP (2001)
2001
220
33,336
0.66%
1.00
2002
235
34,612
0.68%
1.07
1.03
2003
265
38,867
1.20
2004
300
43,771
0.69%
1.36
1.04
2005
310
47,386
0.65%
1.41
0.99
2006
325
51,307
0.63%
1.48
0.96
2007
355
57,793
0.61%
1.61
0.93
2008
370
63,386
0.58%
1.68
0.88
2009
60,087
0.62%
2010
385
65,906
1.75
0.89
2011
430
73,242
0.59%
1.95
2012
440
74,802
2.00
2013
445
76,925
2.02
2014
78,870
0.56%
0.85
2015
74,510
0.87
2016
450
75,544
0.60%
2.05
0.90
Average
361
59,396

6. Austria Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (million EUR)
Year
Revenue from gambling and betting
GDP
Gambling and betting in GDP
Basic gambling Income Index (2001)
Basic index of gambling revenues in GDP (2001)
2001
1,237
220,096
0.56%
1.00
2002
1,182
226,303
0.52%
0.96
0.93
2003
1,161
230,999
0.50%
0.94
0.89
2004
1,175
241,505
0.49%
0.95
0.87
2005
1,172
253,009
0.46%
0.82
2006
1,174
266,478
0.44%
0.78
2007
1,125
282,347
0.40%
0.91
0.71
2008
1,201
291,930
0.41%
0.97
0.73
2009
1,263
286,188
1.02
0.79
2010
1,198
294,628
0.72
2011
1,374
308,630
0.45%
1.11
2012
1,324
317,117
0.42%
1.07
0.74
2013
1,271
322,539
0.39%
1.03
0.70
2014
1,305
330,418
1.05
2015
1,517
339,896
1.23
2016
1,610
349,344
1.30
Average
1,268
285,089

7. Croatia Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (million EUR)
Year
Number of company
Employees
Revenue from gambling and betting
GDP
Gambling and betting in GDP
Basic gambling Income Index (2001)
Basic index of gambling revenues in GDP (2001)
2001 70
1,941 89
25,965
0.34%
1.00
2002 75
2,622
144
28,542
0.50%
1.62
1.47
2003 77
3,463
171
30,703
0.56%
1.93
1.63
2004
4,368
221
33,465
0.66%
2.48
2005 72
5,397
283
36,508
0.78%
3.19
2.27
2006 74
5,761
203
40,198
0.51%
2.29
1.48
2007 85
6,503
288
43,926
0.65%
3.24
1.91
2008 99
7,664
362
48,130
0.75%
4.07
2.20
2009 88
6,397
276
45,091
0.61%
3.10
1.79
2010 92
6,644
261
45,004
0.58%
2.94
1.70
2011 91
6,525
44,709
3.25
1.89
2012 76
5,598
243
43,934
0.55%
2.74
2013 78
6,070
306
43,487
0.70%
3.45
2.06
2014 82
5,869
317
42,978
0.74%
3.57
2.16
2015 73
5,254
269
44,068
3.02
1.78
2016 68
6,060
354
45,819
0.77%
3.98
2.26
Average 80
5,384
255
40,158
0.62%

8. Italy Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (million EUR)
Year
Revenue from gambling and betting
GDP
Gambling and betting in GDP
Basic gambling Income Index (2001)
Basic index of gambling revenues in GDP (2001)
2001
14,515
1,298,890
1.12%
1.00
2002
15,600
1,345,794
1.16%
1.07
1.04
2003
15,492
1,390,710
1.11%
2004
24,786
1,448,363
1.71%
1.71
1.53
2005
28,487
1,489,726
1.91%
1.96
2006
35,243
1,548,473
2.28%
2.43
2.04
2007
42,193
1,609,551
2.62%
2.91
2.35
2008
47,554
1,632,151
2.91%
3.28
2.61
2009
54,410
1,572,878
3.46%
3.75
3.10
2010
61,400
1,604,515
3.83%
4.23
3.42
2011
79,900
1,637,463
4.88%
5.50
4.37
2012
88,600
1,613,265
5.49%
6.10
4.91
2013
84,600
1,604,599
5.27%
5.83
4.72
2014
84,500
1,621,827
5.21%
5.82
4.66
2015
88,200
1,645,439
5.36%
6.08
4.80
2016
95,000
1,672,438
5.68%
6.54
5.08
Average
53,780
1,546,005
3.38%

9. Slovenia Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (million EUR)
Year
Number of company
Employees
Revenue from gambling and betting
GDP
Gambling and betting in GDP
Basic gambling Income Index (2001)
Basic index of gambling revenues in GDP (2001)
2001
1,908
281
23,333
1.20%
1.00
2002
1,913
289
25,023
1.16%
1.03
0.96
2003
1,991
284
26,319
1.08%
1.01
0.90
2004 47
2,182
338
27,763
1.22%
1.20
2005 48
2,375
369
29,227
1.26%
1.32
1.05
2006 45
2,474
400
31,561
1.27%
1.42
2007 49
2,840
417
35,153
1.19%
1.49
0.99
2008 52
2,860
418
37,951
1.10%
0.92
2009 55
2,800
392
36,166
1.40
2010 57
2,526
363
36,252
1.00%
1.29
0.83
2011
2,407
360
36,896
0.97%
1.28
0.81
2012 54
2,263
340
35,988
0.94%
1.21
0.79
2013
2,155
309
35,907
0.86%
1.10
0.72
2014 51
2,123
295
37,303
0.79%
0.66
2015
2,154
303
38,543
0.78%
1.08
0.65
2016 46
2,299
306
39,769
0.77%
1.09
0.64
Average 50
2,329
341
33,322
1.04%

10. World Revenue from gambling and betting and GDP (billion USD)

11. Gambling revenue (index 2001 – 2027)

12. Gambling in GDP (index 2001 – 2027)

13. Orientation of gambling
Croatia
Austria
Italy
Slovenia
Land-based Casinos
Betting Shops/Off Track Betting L
Bingo
L/F
Card Rooms/Poker
Casinos F
Lotteries
Racing
Slot Machines
Tribal Gaming (only in USA)
Online Casinos
Online Betting
Online Bingo
Online Casino
Online Lotteries
Online Poker
Online Racing/Advance-Deposit Wagering

14. Conclusion
The pattern shown here is that the share of gambling revenues in GDP is increasing in those countries where the gambling is locally oriented.
The results of the research can be applied in different fields.
For example, knowing the revenue from gambling and betting is of great importance for several reasons.
First of all, the governmental sector can calculate the share in GDP and the revenue from taxes which will get into the state budget.
Secondly, analysing the data of Gambling revenues is useful for companies (gaming operators) for predicting probable future consumption to plan the technological cycles and budget costs.

15. Limitations and future research directions
The paper has certain acknowledgeable limitations and offers some directions for future research.
Lack of certain data points to a limited scope of our analysis which prevents presenting detailed findings. All data was collected from secondary sources with all limitations in that sense.
There were no prior research studies on this topic which means some findings couldn’t be compared with similar ones to find out whether there are inconsistencies.
This study, as applicative research, defines some of the opportunities for future research in terms of the new aspect concerning the subject.
It would be interesting to observe some economic impact of gambling on observed countries’ economies in a few categories such as investment, employment and foreign trade.