1. WWII – The War in the Pacific

2. Objectives Explain why Japan began a war with the U.S.
List the reasons why the U.S. won the war

3. Japan pre-1941 Militarism Imperialism Invasion of China
Invasion of Korea
Brink of war with USSR

4. Problems with America
In response to Japanese aggression in Asia, the U.S. froze Japanese asset and embargoed these products from going to Japan:
Scrap iron
Oil
Negotiations went nowhere

5. Pearl Harbor

6. Pearl Harbor U.S. Pacific Fleet based at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Surprise attack…7:55 a.m., Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941

7. Pearl Harbor Japanese bombed Pacific Fleet and military airfields
U.S. casualties: 2,350 servicemen and civilians died; 1,178 wounded; 21 ships and 323 aircraft destroyed or damaged
USS Arizona sunk, killing 1,177
Japanese casualties: less than 100 men, 29 planes, 5 midget submarines

8. Pearl Harbor: U.S. reaction
Executive Order 9066: Japanese living on the West Coast of the U.S. forced to move to internment camps

9. If you were FDR in 1942, what would you have done about the Japanese living in the U.S.? Why? Share your answers with a partner.

10. Pearl Harbor: World reaction
Great Britain declared war on Japan on Dec. 8, 1941
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on Dec. 11, 1941

11. Japan controls the Pacific
Japan attacks various Pacific locations – late 1941
Japan controlled Hong Kong, Thailand, Guam, Wake, Burma, Malaya
Japan attacks Philippines – pushes U.S./Filipino troops from Manila to Bataan Peninsula – Gen. Douglas MacArthur fights to standstill

12. Bataan Death March FDR orders MacArthur to Australia
The Philippines fall
American/Filipino POW’s forced to march 60 miles without food or water
Thousands die

13. Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo
Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle led 16 bombers in an attack on Tokyo and other cities – April 1942
Attack did little damage, but boosted America’s morale by showing Japan we would fight back
Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle

14. Battle of Coral Sea Off the coast of Australia
Completely an aerial battle between planes launched from carriers (first time in history)
No clear winner in the battle – but the U.S. did block the invasion of Australia – our ally
Plane-to-plane combat at the Battle of Coral Sea. This was the first ‘completely aerial’ battle ever

15. American Dive Bomber in action at the Battle of Midway – June 1942
Naval battle around Midway Island in the Central Pacific
U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers and 250 planes
Turning point in the war
American Dive Bomber in action at the Battle of Midway – June 1942

16. America now on the Offensive: New Strategy – Island Hopping
The Americans used Island Hopping – They would capture lightly- defended islands throughout the Pacific, one by one, until they had “HOPPED” their way towards Japan
The Pacific Ocean was so BIG – the U.S. needed a way to get closer
This would get the U.S. within striking distance of Japan & allow the U.S. to set up bases at all of the conquered islands along the way

17. Battle of Guadalcanal
August 1942 – Americans win first major LAND victory on the island of Guadalcanal
U.S. used Navajo Indians as “Code- talkers”
Helped the U.S. communicate safely without the Japanese translating our messages
A Navajo “Code-Talker” in action

18. The Navajo Language
Only about 25 non-Navajo people in the entire world could speak the language
Made up words for terms that didn’t exist in their language (names of birds meant “airplanes” and the word “egg” actually meant “bomb”)

19. Americans re-take the Philippines
October 1944 – American returned to the Philippines after “Island Hopping” our way there
General MacArthur made good on his promise to “return” to the Philippines
Gen. MacArthur “returning” to the Philippines

20. Kamikaze attack on a U.S. aircraft carrier
Japanese “Kamikazes”
Japanese suicide pilots
Filled planes full of explosives and crashed them into Allied warships
Often were inexperienced pilots with outdated equipment
Kamikaze attack on a U.S. aircraft carrier

21. The Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
The Allies started to bomb Japan to weaken their defenses
In order to get close enough, the Allies would have to establish bases on islands near Japan
Japanese forces would defend these islands fiercely

22. Marines raising the flag on Mt. Suribachi at the Battle of Iwo Jima
23,000 U.S. troops killed or wounded in order to take Iwo Jima
Victory marked by the raising of the U.S. flag atop Mt. Suribachi
Marines raising the flag on Mt. Suribachi at the Battle of Iwo Jima

23. Iwo Jima Video Clip

24. Battle of Okinawa Japanese defend island fiercely
Last hurdle before U.S. would invade Japan
Mass-suicide by Japanese started to make the U.S. wonder – “will they ever surrender?”

25. The Manhattan Project
U.S. feared that an invasion of Japan would result in 200,000 American casualties – and perhaps 1-2 million Japanese casualties
U.S. considers using an “Atomic Bomb” to end the war quickly
Bomb had been developed as part of the “Manhattan Project” since 1942

26. U.S. uses the atomic bombs
President Truman warned Japan to either surrender or else face “complete destruction”
Japan refused
U.S. drops bombs on Hiroshima (70,000 killed) and Nagasaki (40,000 killed)
Japan surrenders five days later

27. Early WWII Battles in the Pacific
Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941) Japanese win
Battle of the Philippines (Dec. 41) Japanese win
Doolittle’s Raid on Tokyo (Apr. 42) Little damage inflicted – but a morale booster for the USA
Battle of the Coral Sea (May 42) No winner, but stopped Japan from invading Australia
Battle of Midway (June 42) Big US win
Battle of Guadalcanal (Aug. 42) US win – land victory using Navajo code-talkers