1. I. Microscopy
magnification
Ocular x Objective
resolving power
           
         
     

2. Electron Microscopes:
Better resolving power than light microscopes
TEM  aims an electron beam at a thin stained section
Used to study internal cell structure

7. SEM  beam scans the surface of a specimen coated with a thin layer of gold
Visualized entire image
Creates a 3-D image

8. DENSITY BUT, EM’s can only view dead cells
PHASE CONTRAST  allow unstained, living tissues to be observed
CELL FRACTIONATION  using a centrifuge to separate cell components based on
DENSITY

9. PROKARYOTIC vs. EUKARYOTIC
found in Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
found only in Kingdom Monera
no true nucleus; lacks nuclear envelope
true nucleus; bounded by nuclear envelope
genetic material in nucleoid region
genetic material within the nucleus

10. PROKARYOTIC vs. EUKARYOTIC
contains cytoplasm w/ cytosol and membrane-bound organelles
no membrane-bound organelles
have a plasma membrane and usually a cell wall
usually smaller than eukaryotes

11. PROKARYOTIC vs. EUKARYOTIC

12. II. PARTS of the CELL CELL SIZE is limited by: metabolic requirements
surface area to volume ratio
II. PARTS of the CELL

13. nucleus
histones

14. cytoplasm
cytosol
nucleolus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum

15. Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
intracellular digestion
apoptosis

16. vacuoles
peroxisomes

17. mitochondria

18. Cytoskeleton
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

19. cell walls

20. glycocalyx
Intercellular Junctions
tight junctions
desmosomes

21. gap junctions

22. IV. MEMBRANES
Singer-Nicolson Fluid Mosaic Model

23. Selective Permeability

24. Water Potential
hypoosmotic environments
isotonic environments
hyperosmotic environments

25. Diffusion and Osmosis

26. Facilitated Diffusion
                          
                          
Active Transport

27. Forms of Active Transport
ATP Pump
Symport
Antiport

28. Receptor-mediated endocytosis