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IDENTIFICATION OF FISHES

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Presentation on theme: "IDENTIFICATION OF FISHES"— Presentation transcript:

1 IDENTIFICATION OF FISHES
Within the Lower Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, Delta and shoreline Bay habitats

2 USFWS Juvenile Fishes Monitoring Sites

3 General Anatomy

4 Mouth Structure

5 Dorsal and Anal fin ray counts
First rudimentary ray is not counted Last ray is always treated as a double ray divided to the base of the fin

6 Lamprey Family, PETROMYZONTIDAE
Anadromous, some freshwater Lampreys have a notochord and a cartilaginous skeleton Do not have jaws or paired fins Larvae, known as ammocoetes Brook lamprey are nonpredaceous

7 Lamprey Ammocoete

8 Pacific Lamprey (PL) Lampetra tridentata
Native Four pairs of lateral tooth plates Supraoral plate with 3 sharp cusps Adult avg. TL = 400mm - 690mm Anterior Teeth Supraoral Plate Lateral Tooth Plates Transverse Lingual Lamina

9 River Lamprey (RL) Lampetra ayresi
Native 3 pairs of lateral tooth plates Supraoral plate with 2 sharp cusps Center cusp on transverse lingual lamina large Adult avg. TL 170mm, never > 320mm Anterior Teeth Supraoral Plate Lateral Tooth Plates Transverse Lingual Lamina

10 Sturgeon Family, ACIPENSERIDAE
Heterocercal tail Cartilaginous skeleton Five rows of large bony plates instead of scales Highly protrusible, bottom-oriented mouth preceded by four barbels

11 White Sturgeon (WST) Acipenser transmontanus
Native Barbels are closer to tip of snout than mouth No dorsal plates behind dorsal fin 1 row of plates between pelvic and anal fins lateral plates

12 Green Sturgeon (GST) Acipenser medirostris
Native Barbels closer to mouth than to tip of snout 1 - 2 dorsal plates behind dorsal fin Two rows with plates each between pelvic and anal fins lateral plates

13 Herring Family, CLUPEIDAE
Marine, anadromous and freshwater Silvery deciduous scales and thin, deep bodies with a sharp keel on the belly. Herrings have highly protractile jaws and long, fine gill rakers

14 Pacific Herring (PAH) Clupea harengus
Native No black spotting on sides Origin of pelvic fins under midportion of dorsal fin Teeth present on vomer (roof of mouth) 39 mm FL

15 American Shad (AMS) Alosa sapidissima
Introduced Row of black spots on sides ventral scutes posterior to pelvic fin base Length to 750mm TL

16 Threadfin Shad (TFS) Dorosoma petenense
Introduced Thread-like projection at posterior edge of dorsal fin ventral scutes posterior to pelvic fin base One black spot posterior to operculum Deeper bodied than American shad Length to 220 mm TL

17 AMERICAN SHAD vs. THREADFIN SHAD
MYOMERE COUNT ON GUT APPROXIMATELY 30-35 American Shad MYOMERE COUNT ON GUT APPROXIMATELY 18-22 Threadfin Shad Photos: Rene Reyes

18 Anchovie Family, ENGRAULIDIDAE
Mostly marine Overhanging snout Long upper jaw extends behind the eye

19 Northern Anchovy (NAN) Engraulis mordax
Native Snout overhangs lower jaw Origin of anal fin under or posterior to last few soft-rays of dorsal fin Pectoral axillary scale more than half the length of pectoral fin

20 Salmon and Trout Family, SALMONIDAE
Native to cooler waters of the northern hemisphere Possess an adipose fin and an axillary scale at the base of each pelvic fin Eleven species native to California

21 Chinook Salmon (CHN) Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
Native Numerous small black spots on both lobes of the caudal fin in adults parr marks are wider than spaces in between Leading edge of anal fin is shorter than length of base Adipose fin clear with dark upper edge in juveniles Tail covered with spots Long black spots on back and dorsal fin rays

22 Coho Salmon (CHO) Oncorhynchus kisutch
Native Anal fin is sickle-shaped, leading edge is longer than base Adipose fin has dark pigment on anterior and dorsal margin only parr marks are narrower than the spaces in between Caudal, anal and adipose fins are pale orange Spots on upper caudal rays

23 Black on gums and base of teeth Base of teeth white Edge of gums black
Chinook Salmon Black on gums and base of teeth Small eye Coho Salmon Base of teeth white Edge of gums black

24 Rainbow Trout (Steelhead) (RBT) Oncorhynchus gairdneri
Native Spots on dorsal fin of fry parr marks are narrower than the spaces in between Adipose fin has continuous rim of pigment in juveniles First dorsal ray is black on fry Uniform spots on tail Square tail

25 Juvenile Salmonids of the Central Valley
rays Chinook Salmon Anal fin has white leading edge and is not sickle-shaped, leading edge is shorter than base Adipose has some black pigment on dorsal margin only Dorsal fin has dark leading edge rays Coho Salmon Anal fin is sickle-shaped, leading edge is longer than base Leading edges of anal and dorsal fins have white followed by black Adipose has black pigment on anterior and dorsal margins Fins are pale orange rays Rainbow, Steelhead Dorsal fin has black spots and black first ray, and a white tip Adipose has continuous rim of black pigment Anal fin has anteriormost ray about equal to the length of fin base

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