1. Kennedy & the Cold War
Chapter 15 Section 1

2. Lecture Focus Question
How did Kennedy respond to the continuing challenges of the Cold War?

3. Election of 1960 John F. Kennedy Richard Nixon Democratic nominee
Supported fight against communism
Energetic & passionate
Attended Harvard
Came from a wealthy family in Boston, MA
Richard Nixon
Republican nominee
Supported fight against communism
Energetic & passionate
VP for Eisenhower
Came from a working family in Yorba Linda, CA

4. Televised Debate Nixon Underweight Clothes too big Pale & tired
“Easy Shave” melting in heat of lights
Spoke to JFK
JFK
Rested & tanned
Newly tailored suit
Spoke to cameras, audience of voters!

5. Kennedy Wins
Key factor → televised debates

7. JFK’s New Cold War Strategies
JFK = 1st pres born in 20th century
“Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country”
Flexible response: defense policy that prepared the U.S. to fight in any size/type of conflict

8. JFK’s New Cold War Strategies Cont.
Peace Corps: sent U.S. volunteers around the world to provide technical, education, health services to developing countries
Alliance for Progress: promoted economic assistance to Latin America

9. Communism in Cuba 1959: Fidel Castro comes to power in Cuba
Strong ties to U.S.S.R.
1961: Bay of Pigs Invasion
U.S. plan to overthrow Castro
Total disaster
U.S. accepts defeat and loses respect from other countries

10. The Berlin Crisis 1961: JFK and Krushchev meet → peace treaty?
Berlin becomes center of discussion
Meeting = disaster
JFK takes action
Doubled number of men drafted into army
Increased spending for defense
American people prepared: fallout shelters
1961: Soviets build the Berlin Wall to divide E & W Berlin

11. BERLIN WALL

12. Cuban Missile Crisis U.S. intelligence discovery: 4 possible responses
Soviets building missile bases in Cuba!
Cuba = 90 miles from Key West, FL
4 possible responses
Negotiate with the Soviets
Invade Cuba
Blockade Cuba
Bomb the missile sites

14. The Loneliest Job in the World

15. The Ultimate Decision JFK decides on a naval “quarantine”
“Blockade” would be an act of war
He told Americans:
“The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards… The cost of freedom is always high -- and Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender.”

16. Disaster Averted