1. Why is proteinuria an ominous biomarker of progressive kidney disease?
Kambiz Zandi-Nejad, Allison A. Eddy, Richard J. Glassock, Barry M. Brenner 
Kidney International 
Volume 66, Pages S76-S89 (November 2004)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Schematic summary of some of the pathways and mediators that are believed to be involved in proteinuria-induced tubulointerstitial injury. RANTES, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; IL-8, interleukin-8; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant factor-1; ET-1, endothelin-1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; MΦ, macrophage; L, lymphocyte; F, fibroblast; E, endothelial cell.
Kidney International  , S76-S89DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions