1. Other Drugs
Chapter 7

2. Substance abuse
Substance Abuse – any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes
Overuse of a drug
Use of an illegal drug
Use of a drug with alcohol

3. Factors that influence drug use
Peer pressure
Family members
Role models
Media messages
Perceptions of drug behavior
Misleading information

4. Definitions to know
Overdose – a strong sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug
Tolerance – a condition in which the body becomes accustomed to the drug and causes the user to experience a need for more and more of the drug to achieve the desired effect.

5. Addiction
Psychological dependence - A drug abuser believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally.
Physiological dependence - A drug abuser develops a chemical need for a drug and experiences symptoms of withdrawal when the effects of the drug wear off.
Addiction - A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug

6. Consequences for illegal drug use
Stop pursuing interests or goals
Engage in dangerous behaviors
Engage in sexual activity
Act recklessly
Be depressed
Be at risk of suicide
Be involved in violent crimes
Be arrested

7. Marijuana
Marijuana - A plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are usually smoked for their intoxicating effects
Gateway drug, a drug that may lead the user to try other, more dangerous drugs.
One of the most widely abused drugs
Studies have shown that a teen who uses marijuana is 15 times more likely to use cocaine than a teen who has never used marijuana.

8. Health risks of marijuana
Hallucinations
Increased risk of lung cancer
Impaired short term memory
Change of hormone levels
Increased appetite
In males, lowered sperm count and testosterone levels
Decreased ambition
In females, increased risk of infertility
Increased risk of stillbirth and birth defects
Weakened immunity to infection
Lung irritation
Dizziness
Heart and lung damage

9. Inhalants
Inhalants - Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled to give effect
Health risks:
Liver and kidney damage
Blindness
Brain damage
Paralysis
Cardiac arrest
Death

10. Immediate effects of inhalants
Glassy stare
Slurred speech
Impaired judgment
Nausea
Coughing
Nosebleeds
Fatigue
Lack of coordination

11. Steroids
Anabolic steroids - Synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones
Side effects:
Weak tendons and ligaments
Violent behavior
Extreme mood swings
Weight gain
Depression paranoia
Acne
Shrinking of testicles
High blood pressure
Reduced sperm count
Liver and kidney tumors
Menstrual cycle changes

12. Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive drugs - Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain
4 categories
Stimulants
Opiates
Depressants
Hallucinogens

13. Stimulants
Stimulants - A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
Examples:
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Crack
Methamphetamine
Nicotine

14. Opiates
Opiates - Drugs such as those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
Examples
Codeine
Heroin
Morphine
Opium
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)

15. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens - Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch
Examples
DXM (tussin)
Ecstasy
Ketamine
LSD
PCP
Psilocybin

16. Depressants
Depressants - Drugs that tend to slow the central nervous system
Examples
Barbiturates
GHB
Rohypnol
Tranquilizers

17. Rohypnol Also known as roofies Date rape drug
Odorless, colorless, tasteless

18. Designer Drugs
Designer Drugs - Synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs

19. Living drug free
By deciding not to use drugs, you promote your own health and influence others to do the same.
Committing to be drug free
Choose friends who share your attitude
Avoid places where drugs may be available
Use refusal skills
Healthy Alternatives
Hobbies
Sports
Community activities
School organizations

20. Drug free zone
Drug free school zones - Areas within 1,000 to 1,500 feet of schools and designated by signs, within which people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties
School efforts
Drug education classes
Zero tolerance policies
Expulsions
Locker searches
Police patrol

21. Indicators of drug use Lies about drugs Withdrawn or depressed
Constantly talks about drugs
Stops participating in activities
Changes in eating or sleeping habits
Takes unnecessary risks
Blackouts
Red rimmed eyes
Gets in trouble with authority figures

22. How to help a friend Identify sources of help Talk to the person
Express concern
Listen to the person
Go to counseling

23. Therapy
Rehabilitation - The process of medical and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol
Stay at therapeutic communities = best for someone with a long history of drug abuse