1. Welcome! 

2. What do these pictures show?

3. Learning Objective
Students will understand strengths and weaknesses of primary research methods.
Students will understand the influences on selection, presentation and interpretation of evidence.

4. Quick Quiz! What are primary sources?
Instructions: Make three groups. Unscramble the sentences that describe primary sources. Be the first group to finish. Ready? Set! Go!
Please read your sentence to the class.

5. Primary Sources
Primary sources are original materials. They are from the time period.
Primary sources are original materials on which other research is based.
They present original thinking, report a discovery, or share new information.
(University Libraries, University of Maryland)

6. Examples of Primary Sources
What are some examples of primary sources?
Diaries
Letters
Artifacts (objects from the past)
Newspapers from the time period
Posters
What primary sources have you used?
Interviews, questionnaires, surveys

7. Gathering Information
Interviews, surveys, and questionnaires are tools used to gather information.
You will get different kinds of information depending on which tool you use.
Read the following questions.
What percentage of students at NIS Aktobe use Facebook?
How do students at NIS Aktobe feel about having their parents and teachers as “friends” on Facebook?
Which tool would you use to answer these questions? Why?

8. Numbers & Words
Surveys and questionnaires give you numbers. It is easy to count, or quantify, the information in charts and graphs. This kind of information is quantitative.
Interviews can give you more depth, and help to understand why. The information you get from an interview will be descriptive. You will quote and paraphrase the information you get from interviews. This kind of information is called qualitative.
You will probably use both in your research.

9. Try this!
Instructions: Work with your partner to describe this latte. Write your ideas.
Example: hot
What are you describing?
How will you remember your ideas?
You have one minute.
Begin!

10. Feedback Qualitative Quantitative hot 100 Celsius creamy
Look at the information in the two columns. How is it different?
Qualitative
Quantitative
hot
100 Celsius
creamy
10 Milliliters of milk
sweet
10 milligrams of sugar
delicious
8 grams in total
comforting
200 tenge
Did you describe the latte qualitatively or quantitatively?
Which way makes the most sense for this exercise?

11. Qualitative and Quantitative
Researchers use both qualitative and quantitative methods in their work.
It is up to you to decide which method to use to get the information you need.
Qualitative
Quantitative
descriptive
numbers
observable
measurable
Example: hot, creamy, sweet
Example: 100 ‘C, 2 mg milk, 2 mg sugar
Write the notes for qualitative and quantitative information in your notebook.

12. Qualitative or Quantitative?
Instructions: Work with your group. Read the questions. Would they yield (give) qualitative or quantitative results? Why?
Example: What percentage of 11th grade students at NIS Aktobe have a Facebook account?
How does being “friends” with someone on Facebook, effect the face-to-face friendship with that person?
You have three minutes! Begin!

13. Qualitative 0r Quantitative? Why?
How many students at NIS choose to attend university in Kazakhstan?
What factors contribute to a student’s decision to go to university in Kazakhstan?
What percentage of 11th grade students score 6 or higher on the IELTS?
How does a high IELTS score effect job satisfaction later in life?
How has the trip to Malaysia effected participants’ grades?  
How does international travel impact a student’s perspective?
How many students use social media for educational purposes? 
How has social media impacted education at NIS Aktobe?

14. Sample Size
When studying a population, we often do not have time to interview or survey everyone! So we just interview a sample, or small part of the population.
For example, if I want to understand why teachers choose to teach at NIS Aktobe, I might not have time to talk with all of the teachers.
What can I do?
I need to get a sample to represent all the teachers.
How could I do that?
I must talk to teachers from all the different parts of the school, so that my information represents all the teachers of the school.

15. Sample Size Please write this definition in your glossary.
A sample is a small part that represents the whole.
Example: At the market, the shopkeeper may offer you a taste, or sample, of what she is selling.
Please write this definition in your glossary.

16. Margin of Error Confidence Interval
When you have finished conducting your research, analyze your results. Ask yourself:
How accurate are my results?
You will need to calculate the margin of error.
Dictionary.com defines margin of error as:
in statistics, a measurement of the accuracy 
of the results of a survey
Example: 90% of students at NIS Aktobe have WhatsApp, plus or minus 4. What does this mean?
86-94% of students at NIS Aktobe have WhatsApp.
Please write this definition in your glossary.

17. Calculating the Margin of Error Confidence Interval
You can use this formula to calculate the margin of error  :
E = zα/2/(2√ n)
This website will help you step by step:

18. Wrapping it all up
Instructions: Work with your group. Send someone to get the question card from the teacher. Write the correct answer and send someone to return the card to the teacher. You will be given another question. Be the first to answer all the questions correctly!
How many questions will you answer at a time?
What will you do when you have written your answer?
There are 7 questions.
You may send someone to get the first question now!

19. Feedback What is a primary source?
What are some examples of primary sources?
Name two methods for gathering information as primary sources.
Describe qualitative.
Describe quantitative.
The number of people who participate in a questionnaire is called ____.
57% of the students at NIS, +/- 8 ,prefer milk in their tea. What is the +/- 8 called?
What is your question? 

20. Reflection
Instructions: Answer the following questions in your notebook:
What have I learned?
What would I like to learn?

21. Research Project Outline

22. Qualitative & Quantitative Methods
Applying What You Know
Qualitative & Quantitative Methods

23. Learning Objective
Students will gather and record evidence using a primary research method.

24. Using Primary Research Methods
Instructions: Create the questionnaires, surveys and interviews that you will need for your research project.
Be sure to gather quantitative information (numbers), as well as qualitative information (descriptive).
Decide how you will get a representative sample.
Who will you question? How many people must participate?
Will you have time to complete this before the deadline?
Your surveys, questionnaires and interviews should have at least __ questions.
Do you need to do a survey, questionnaire and an interview?
Do you need to have qualitative and quantitative information?
Begin!

25. Reflection What have I accomplished today?
What needs to be done in the next week?

26. Have an absolutely magnificent day!

27. Other Resources

28. Guidelines
Your surveys, questionnaires and interviews should have at least __ questions.
Do you need to do a survey, questionnaire and an interview?
Do you need to have qualitative and quantitative information?
Begin!

29. Interviews vs. Questionnaires
Instructions: Work with your group. Use the chart to write as many characteristics of interviews and questionnaires that you can think of.
For example, interviews are one-on-one. Questionnaires can be sent to many people at once.
Are you writing different kinds of primary sources?
You have one minute.
Begin!

30. Feedback Interview Questionnaire One-on-one Given to many people
Customized to the individual
Customized for a group of individuals
Results are descriptive
Results are easily put in diagrams, charts, and graphs.
Takes a lot of time
Takes less time

31. Qualitative
Quantitative
Surveys, questionnaires
Sample size
margin of error

32. Step 1: Choose a Research Question
Instructions: Choose one of the following topics. If you have your own idea, please share it with the teacher.
You have two minutes!
How does being “friends” with someone on Facebook effect the face-to-face friendship with that person?
What factors contribute to a student’s decision to go to university in Kazakhstan?
How does a high IELTS score effect job satisfaction later in life?
How does international travel impact a student’s perspective?
How has social media impacted education at NIS Aktobe?
Why do Kazakh teachers choose to work at NIS?
Why do students choose to study at NIS?

33. Step 2: Qualitative or Quantitative?
Instructions: Choose two people in your group to use qualitative methods to gather information on your topic. Choose two people in your group to use quantitative methods to gather information on your topic.

34. URLs
Images
stpaulscollege.ie/history/historical-terminology
salemwitchtri.blogspot.com/2011/02/primary-sources.html
piggybankbuilder.com/?cat=9
smugourmetclub.com

35. Definition
Articles on Margin of Error