1. Section 2
The Middle Colonies

3. I. New Netherland Becomes New York
New Netherland thrived due to fur trading.
To encourage farming, land grants were given out.
Owners of these huge estates were known as patroons.
Each patroon promised to start 50 farms on the land for the grant.

5. E. Religious Freedom New Amsterdam was a large trading center
Attracted to the chance to practice religion freely.
Slaves were in high demand. Made up a quarter of the population.
Dutch were mainly Protestants who belonged to the Dutch Reform Church.
England took over New Netherlands and King Charles II gave it to his brother Duke of York.

6. II. New Jersey Set up because New York was to large to govern.
Duke of York gave part of the land to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret.
The colony was a Proprietary colony.
Proprietary colony- the king gave land to one or more people in return for a yearly payment.
Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent to whom ever they wanted.
Made their own laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under English law

7. D. New Jersey becomes a Royal Colony
1702- NJ becomes a royal colony.
Royal colony is a colony under direct control of the English crown.
The colonies charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly that voted on all matters

8. III. Pennsylvania
William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.
Came from a wealthy English Family
At 22 Penn shocked his family and friends by join the most hated religious group in England, the Quakers.

9. B. Quakers Protestant reformers
Went further with reform than the Pilgrims and Puritans
Believe that all men, women, nobles, and commoners were equal in God’s eyes
Allowed women to preach in public
Did not remove hats in the presence of nobles
Refused to serve in army
Quakers in both England and New England were fined, jailed, or even hanged for their ideas.

10. C. Policy of Fairness
Penn believed in religious freedom
King Charles II told Penn to turn away all Catholics and Jews.
Penn believed in treating the Native Americans with respect.
Settlers should pay for the land that they take
Indians respected Penn
Stayed friendly for a long time

11. D. Growing Colony
Penn send pamphlets all over Europe describing his colony. Settlers came from :
England, Scotland, Wales, Netherlands, France, and Germany
The German Settlers were known as Pennsylvania Dutch
Slaves Also Arrived
slaved made up 1/3 of the population
Penn Named the capital Philadelphia. Greek word Meaning “brotherly love.”

12. E. Delaware Part of Pennsylvania known as Lower Counties
Settlers never wanted to send delegates so far from home.
1704- Delaware broke away from Pennsylvania.

13. IV. Life in the Middle Colonies
A. Economy
Wheat, barley, oats, and rye were cash crops.
Cash Crops-crops that are sold for money at market.
Cattle and pigs
Large Farms
Center of manufacturing
Clocks, watches, locks, guns, glass,etc..

14. B. Homes Houses were spread apart.
Counties became center of government.
Houses reflected the people that settled there.
House holds were self-sufficient.