2. The Function and Composition of Blood
Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.1
The Function and Composition of Blood

3. The Function and Composition of Blood
Blood is responsible for providing transportation, regulation, and protection throughout the body. It also plays a key role in gas exchange.

4. Functions of the Blood

5. The Formed Elements There are two basic components of blood:
Plasma: liquid component
Formed elements: solid component
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen
White blood cells
Immune response
Platelets
Clotting of blood

6. Physical Properties of Blood
Blood is a sticky, thick fluid that makes up roughly 8% of our total body weight.
Both men and women have, on average, between 4 and 5 liters of blood.
Blood is slightly salty with, a sodium chloride concentration of 0.9%. It has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45 and an average temperature of 38°C (100.4°F)
The color of blood varies based on the oxygen level in the bloodstream. Oxygen-rich blood in the arteries is a brighter red than the oxygen-poor blood in the veins.

7. Plasma
The formed elements are transported in the plasma, or liquid part of the blood.
90% water
8% plasma proteins
2% mixture of electrolytes, nutrients, ions, respiratory gases, hormones, waste products

8. Plasma It contains three types of proteins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
It also contains a mixture of electrolytes and buffers
Sodium, potassium, chloride etc
Bicarbonate, phosphate & sulfate regulate blood pH

9. The Composition of Blood

10. The Composition of Blood

11. Manufacturing Blood Cells
New blood cells are manufactured in a process called hematopoiesis
Blood cells are manufactured in bone marrow.

12. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
They carry oxygen to every living cell in the body and carry carbon dioxide away.
RBCs are disk-shaped and the most abundant cells in the blood, numbering between four and six million per cubic millimeter.
Hemoglobin molecule binds with oxygen and carbon dioxide transporting them from and to the lungs respectively.

13. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
Red blood cell production is regulated by the kidneys through a process called erythropoiesis.
Recycling of RBSc
Red blood cells live 120 days
Phagocytosis – RBCs recycled
Hemolysis – the rapture of RBCs when they reach the end of their lifecycle.

14. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

15. Plasma Red Blood Cell Platelets Bright red
Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: plasma, white blood cells, platelets, bright red, red blood cell.
1. Liquid portion of blood
2. Carry oxygen
3. Clot
4. Arterial blood
Plasma
Red Blood Cell
Platelets
Bright red

16. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
White blood cells, or leukocytes, serve as the body’s infection fighters and, therefore, play an important role in immune response.
At any given time, blood contains about 4,300 to 10,800 white blood cells (WBCs) per cubic millimeter.

17. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Within a matter of hours, the number of WBCs doubles when a foreign microorganism is detected in the body.
Granulocytes: have granules in their cytoplasm
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes: cytoplasm lacks granules
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

18. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
There are five different types of white blood cells. Each type varies by size, appearance, and function.
Neutrophils
First responders
The most abundant
Phagocytic cells that engulf and kill foreign invaders
Eosinophils
Only a small portion of our WBCs
Participate in many inflammatory processes, especially allergic reactions.

19. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
Basophils
Least abundant of the WBSc
Produce histamine which induces an inflammatory response.
Produce heparin, an anticoagulant that prevents blood clotting.
Lymphocytes
Second most abundant WBCs in the body.
T cells (>80%)
B cells
Form antibodies to fight antigens.
Monocytes
Largest white blood cells in the body
Become macrophages that devour microorganisms.

20. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
They are small, irregularly shaped cell fragments lacking a nucleus
Platelets play an important role in hemostasis
Sequence of events that causes blood clots to form.

21. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Steps of hemostasis
Vessel wall injury and constriction – reduces blood loss at the site of injury.
Platelet aggregation – repair the tear and release a chemical that maintains constriction of blood vessel
Platelet plug formation and coagulation
Blood clot formation and retraction

22. The Process of Hemostasis

23. Review and Assessment T cell Basophils Hemoglobin Hemostasis
Fill in the blanks with: basophils, hemostasis, hemoglobin, or T cell.
1. _______________ is a type of lymphocyte.
2. _______________ produce histamine.
3. _______________ binds with oxygen.
4. _______________ stops bleeding.
T cell
Basophils
Hemoglobin
Hemostasis

24. Blood Types Blood Types Video
Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.2
Blood Types Blood Types Video

25. Blood Types
Blood is classified according to the microscopic differences found on the surface of the red blood cell.
Presence of molecule A – blood type A
Molecule B – blood type B,
Molecule A and B – blood type AB
No A or B molecules – blood type O

26. These molecules on the surface of the RBCs are called antigens
Blood Types
These molecules on the surface of the RBCs are called antigens
They identify self and non-self
Antibodies are produced once a foreign antigen is detected in the body

27. Blood Types

28. Blood Transfusions
When a person with type A blood is transfused with blood from a type B blood donor, the recipient’s anti-B antibodies attack the donor’s red blood cells. This causes the donated red blood cells to clump together in a process called agglutination.
Creates blockages in smaller blood vessels and is potentially fatal.

29. Blood Transfusions
Universal recipient has no antibodies and can safely receive blood of any type
Blood type AB
Universal donor has no antigens that can be attacked and therefore, can donate to anyone
Blood type O

30. The Rh Classification System
Rh (rhesus factor) is a second antigen on the surface of RBCs that determines your blood type.
Rh-positive individuals
Have Rh factor antigen on RBCs
Rh-negative individuals
do not have Rh factor antigen on RBCs

31. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn: (Erythroblastosis Fetalis)
Rh danger during pregnancy of an Rh(-) mother carrying an Rh(+) unborn child.
1st pregnancy: proceeds without problems
2nd pregnancy: mother’s immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh(+) blood of the baby.
Can be prevented if treated with an immune serum called RhoGAM immediately after giving birth to the first child.

32. Complete Blood Count
detects blood disorders or diseases

33. Review and Assessment True True False False True True or False?
1. Blood type O is the universal donor.
2. Agglutination is the clumping of RBCs.
3. Antigens are in blood plasma.
4. Antibodies are on the surface of RBCs.
5. Rh factor is positive or negative.
True
True
False
False
True

34. Blood Types Blood Types Video
Chapter 10: The Blood
Lesson 10.2
Blood Types Blood Types Video

35. The Process of Hemostasis