1. EDUC Quiz #7
W. Huitt

2. Question #1
Which of the following is consistent with the constructivist view of learning?
“Top-down” instruction.
Emphasizes teacher lectures and student recitation.
Establishes ability groups that work at different levels.
Students engage in problem-based activities to learn basic skills.

3. Question #2
In a comparison of direct instruction and facilitative teaching, they are similar in that
both are teacher-centered for most of a lesson.
both advocate specific events where teachers are expected to engage students in the learning task.
students in classes where either is used have a higher probability of higher scores on standardized tests of basic skills than those based on principles of open education.
All of the above are correct.
Only “a” and “c” are correct.

4. Question #3
Proponents of Vygotsky’s view of constructivism would emphasize which of the following principles of learning and development?
Reinforcement plays an important role in shaping students' developing cognition.
Engage students in social interactions during the process of acquiring new learning.
Learners must engage in learning activities that result in an internal construction of knowledge.
Provide activities that create disequilibrium between student cognitions and the demands of the task.

5. Question #4
Which of the following statements is correct concerning cooperative learning?
Students already have the social skills necessary to effectively engage in cooperative learning; they simply need the opportunity to demonstrate them.
Cooperative learning activities are best used before direct instruction presentations or as a periodic review activity.
Teachers are likely to develop the skills to effectively implement cooperative learning during their preservice training.
Cooperative learning has shown to increase academic achievement, but not social skills.

6. Question #5
After learning about the information process approach to learning, Miriam explained the similarities and differences between the stage theory and the levels-of-processing theory in a five-paragraph essay. Which element from Bloom's taxonomy is most directly exemplified by Sheila's behavior?
a. Comprehension
b. Analysis
c. Synthesis
d. Application

7. Question #6
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the relationship between a Piagetian theory and contemporary constructivist approaches to development?
They are similar in that both emphasize the active role of the learner in acquiring new knowledge.
They differ in that constructivism is more behavioral in orientation and Piagetian theory more cognitive.
They differ in that constructivism favors teacher-centered approaches over discovery approaches to learning.
They are similar in that both emphasize the importance of basic skills instruction as the foundation for the curriculum.

8. Question #7
Nathaniel knows how to use a study method to get prepared for reading and then reflecting on what he read. He also knows how to analyze break complex problems into simpler steps. What learning theory has his teacher most likely used to determine these are important learning tasks?
Humanistic
Social Learning
Information Processing
Operant Conditioning

9. Question #8
The teacher’s classroom behavior has its most direct influence on
the teacher’s instructional methods.
the student’s thinking and classroom behavior.
the student’s performance on standardized tests.
how the student can be described before entering the classroom.

10. Question #9
A major challenge for constructivistic approaches to instruction is that
these approaches lead to a decrease in student achievement motivation.
knowledge of a student’s cognitive structures does not necessarily predict that student’s learning behavior.
not enough is known about how to engage students in constructivistic instructional activities.
constructivistic activities are more appropriate for lower levels of Bloom et al.’s taxonomy whereas direct instruction is more appropriate for high levels.

11. Question #10
Which of the following learning strategies would a constructivist LEAST likely advocate?
Cooperative learning
Discovery learning
Inquiry-based teaching
Drill and practice

12. Question #11
Which of the following activities best illustrates constructivistic learning?
Juan recites a poem he has written about his science project.
Horace paraphrases the teacher’s definition of democracy.
Dominic copies the homework assignment from the board.
Gail listens to her teacher present information on the U.S. postal system.

13. Question #12
Which of the following does cognitive constructivism most emphasize?
Maturation as prerequisite to individual, internal development of cognitive structures.
The influence of interaction with others on the acquisition of knowledge.
Bringing more students into the zone of proximal development.
Enhancing the influence of teacher talk on student cognitions.

14. Question #13
Mr. Walsh has caught Randy cheating several times on quizzes and exams he gives in his eighth-grade math class. Randy continues to cheat even though he receives a zero on each quiz or exam and is in jeopardy of failing the class. What might Mr. Walsh do differently?
Have a conference with Randy about why he is cheating.
Have Randy come to his room during lunch or stay after school to take quizzes and exams.
Build a personal relationship with Randy by finding out about his personal life.
All of the above are correct.
Only “a” and “c” are correct.

15. Question #14
Which of the following statements would a constructivist LEAST likely accept?
Learning is best when students are involved in social inquiry activities.
Learning is best when students are involved in activities they believe to be related to something they will do in the relatively immediate future.
While learning activities may be different for individual learners, all learners can be expected to demonstrate their knowledge and/or skills in the same manner.
Learners do not need to demonstrate prerequisite knowledge before engaging in a learning activity; they will learn what they need to know as they engage in the constructivistic process.

16. Question #15
Which of the following does social constructivism most emphasize?
Enhancing the influence of disequilibrium on student cognitions.
The role of reinforcement in shaping students' developing cognition.
The influence of interaction with others on the acquisition of knowledge.
Maturation as prerequisite to individual, internal development of cognitive structures.

17. Question #16
Which of the following is a correct statement involving English Language Learners (ELL)?
Teachers need certification in ESOL in order to successfully teach ELL.
It is unlikely that preservice teachers today will have ELL in their classrooms.
Teachers should consider ELL students in their classroom as a rich resource for non-ELL.
ELL represent a very diverse group and few, if any, general principles of learning apply to them as a group.

18. Question #17
Of the following, which curriculum standard is most appropriately addressed with a teacher-centered approach to instruction?
Students will identify relationships between Marco Polo's journeys to the Far East and Columbus' discovery of the Americas.
Students will find the values of x and y in systems of equations, such as 2x + 3y = 5 and 3x + 2y = -5.
Students will design an experiment to determine the influence of noise on the activity of hamsters.
Students will learn to base their opinions on observable evidence.

19. Question #18 Erikson’s theory of socioemotional development
has been empirically invalidated and is therefore of little use to classroom teachers.
explains why direct instruction is the better instructional model for elementary students.
provides an excellent rationale for why schools should provide free breakfast and lunch for some children.
can inform teachers of adolescents, but really is not valid for teachers of preschool and elementary students.

20. Question #19
Social constructivism differs from cognitive constructivism in that social constructivists
believe that knowledge develops from the interactions among students, rather than being represented solely in an individual's mind.
believe that the key to enhancing academic learning is to facilitate children's individual abilities to think about complex problems.
ground their theories in the work of Piaget and Dewey who emphasize the importance of personal meaning-making.
emphasize the role of pure discovery in guiding students to more sophisticated conceptual understanding.

21. Question #20
In the model of the teaching/learning process discussed in class, the influence of No Child Left Behind on curriculum standards used for accountability of schools would be classified as a(n) ____________ variable.
context
input
classroom process
output

22. The End