1. 8-2: Theodore Roosevelt and the Square deal, 1900-1912

2. Thematic Learning Objectives
WXT 2.0 Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues.
WXT 3.0 Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society.
POL 2.0 Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions.
POL 3.0 Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. social and economic life have affected political debates and policies.
GEO 1.0 Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities, and analyze how competition for and debates over natural resources have affected both interactions among different groups and the development of government policies.
CUL 3.0 Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics.

3. Key Concept
Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system.

4. Political Reform in the Nation
“Square Deal”
The “Bully Pulpit”
Presidency as media platform
Advocate ideas
Set political agenda
Pressure Congress
Labor
Arbitration for coal strike
Reversed Gilded Age precedent
Intervened on side of labor

5. Political Reform in the Nation
“Square Deal”
Trust-busting
Evaluated trusts as good or bad
Breakup of Northern Securities Company (J.P. Morgan)
Railroad Regulation
Extended regulatory powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission

6. Political Reform in the Nation
“Square Deal”
Consumer Protection
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Conservation
Advocated protection of natural resources and wildlife
U.S. Forest Service, National Parks

7. Political Reform in the Nation
Taft’s Presidency
Reversal of Progressivism
Administrative, not political
Opposition to conservation
Support for moderate tariff
Too lower for Republicans/industrialists
Too high for Democrats/progressives
Split in the Republican Party
“Old Guard” conservatives
“Insurgent” progressives

8. Political Reform in the Nation
Election of 1912
Candidates
Roosevelt (Bull Moose/Progressive)
Taft (Republican/Old Guard)
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat/Progressive)
Results
Democrats win presidency and Congress
Republicans shift away from progressivism to become more conservative