1. Everything You Need to Know About
Chapters 14 and 15

2. I. Chp 14 is mostly about economic difference between the North and the South
A. New Inventions
1.Textiles
a. Elias Howe – sewing machine
b. Eli Whitney – cotton gin
i. increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned
ii. led to an increase in slavery

3. 2. Farming
a. John Deere – lightweight steel plow
b. Cyrus McCormick - mechanical reaper
3. Communication - Samuel Morse creates telegraph
4. Transportation
a. British create steam powered locomotives
b. British also create ocean going steam ships
c. John Griffiths – clipper ships

4. B. North = Industry
Railroads
Clipper ships
Expanding economy
C. Problems with the expanding economy - more jobs are created and more workers are needed.

6. Immigrants are used to solve the problem of a lack of workers
Potato famine in Europe
Immigrants come here from Europe in search of food, a better life and jobs.
South = Farming
“Cottonocracy” Wealthy plantation owners make up less than 1% of the population, but have most of the power.
Slave codes – Laws passed to ensure that slaves were treated as property.

8. II. Chapter 15 is about Social Reform!
Religious Reform – The Second Great Awakening
outdoor revivals
motivational preachers
Prison Reform – To improve conditions in jails
Temperance – To ban alcohol
Education
To promote and improve public education
Led by Horace Mann

10. Abolition – Movement to ban slavery
Frederick Douglass – former slave
William Lloyd Garrison – “The Liberator” Antislavery newspaper
Underground Railroad – Network of people, mostly Quakers, who helped slaves escape to freedom.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe – antislavery book.
Angelina & Sarah Grimke

12. Women’s Rights – Equal Rights
Sojourner Truth – Former slave that spoke out for women’s rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton – Went to speak at the world anti-slavery convention in London; she was not allowed to participate because she was a woman; she came home and took up the issue of women’s rights.
Seneca Falls Convention – Women’s rights convention. Wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments” declared that all men and women are created equal.
Lucretia Mott

14. Literature and Art
In the 1820s many Americans began to write stories with American themes; stopped looking to Europe for ideas
Artists began to paint American landscapes, portraits of Americans, and Native Americans.

15. Writer
Works
Themes/Importance
Washington Irving
“Rip Van Winkle”,
“Sleepy Hollow”
Gave Americans a sense of the richness of their past, 1st US writer to enjoy fame in America & Europe
James Feinmore Cooper
Deerslayer,
The Last of the Mohicans
Stories took place on American frontier in NY, idealized relations with whites and indians
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Scarlet Letter, Thie History of Puritan England
Forces of good and evil

16. Writer
Works
Themes/importance
Herman Melville
Moby Dick
Good vs. evil
William Wells Brown
Clotel novel about slave life
1st African American to be published, made his living from writing
Margaret Fuller
Women in the 19th Century
Important influence on the movement for women’
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
“Paul Revere’s Ride”
Used many events in history
Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass “I hear American Singing”
Believed in common people, celebrated democracy

17. Writer
Works
Themes/importance
Emily Dickinson
Broke with past styles to create new forms of poetry
One of the nation’s greatest poets, wrote over 1700 poems
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Essays
Importance of the individual “Inner Light”
Henry David Thoreau
Walden, Essays of Civil Disobedience
Abolitionist, civil disobedience used to protest slavery
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Protested slavery