1. Chapter 10 Medieval Kingdoms in Europe
LESSON 1 – Feudalism
LESSON 2 – Peasants, Trade
and Cities
LESSON 3 – The Growth of
European Kingdoms
Other countries outlawed other religions as the church wanted and the
monarchs were their muscle who passed and enforced laws for the church
-Must attend church every week
-Must give a tide to the church
-heresy

2. Peasants, Trade and Cities
1000 and 1300, the population almost doubled in Europe (approx. 38 million>>>> 74 million
Why?
More peaceful and settled because invasions lessened
Climate changed: warming trend improved farm/food output
A warm trend affected Europe from about , which allowed more regions to grow crops
New farming methods also emerged:
Changed from oxen to horses that could to jobs more quickly
Had to develop a new harness to do so
Began to use a 3 field system rather than a 2 field system
-Could grow crops on 2/3 of land, rather than ½
More food led to an increased population

3. Peasants, Trade and Cities
3) New Methods of Farming:
Carruca: heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare that was pulled by 6-8 oxen

4. Peasants, Trade and Cities
2) New farming villages: people could not afford expensive farm equipment, worked together and shared their equipment 3) Three Field System: Planted two fields, let one rest >>> fields to regain soil fertility

5. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
Feudalism was the political and economic system in Europe during these Middle Ages
MANORIALISM was the economic support for it
Manor is an agricultural estate part of a lord or vassal's land holdings

6. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
Serfs that worked land were part of the holding Not slaves but they couldn't leave the land without permission Did agricultural and other types of labor, plus paid rent usually in the form of crops

7. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM Their lives were very simple:
stick type huts with thatched roofs
2) small plot of land for their use
3) bread-main part of their diet
In many medieval towns, by law, people had to "couvre-feu" at night (cover the fire to prevent house fires and to stop people from working at night; the origin of the word "curfew In good weather, they left the laundry outside for days at a time and relied on sunlight to freshen it
-In the winter, they kept livestock indoors to exploit the animals' body heat to keep the house warm, and to keep the valuable animals from getting cold and sick.
-They covered their floors with straw to collect the animals urine and feces (for the whole winter)
-The word “threshold” derives from the wooden barrier placed at the door to keep the threshed straw inside
One of the nice things about having a two-story house back then is that you didn't have to sleep with the pigs in winter
-Medieval people feared getting wet because they knew that getting wet caused illness.

8. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
4) ate vegetable soup when available – rarely ate meat 5) most lived in small villages controlled by the lord as part of his fief
Medieval people feared getting wet because they knew that getting wet caused illness.
Therefore, baths were a rare luxury
No running water meant it had to be hauled. No hot water meant it had to be heated in the kitchen
There was a race: the bath water might cool faster than the hot water got hot
A “merkin” was a triangular piece of animal fur that noble ladies wore in their crotch to collect fleas (it would be changed regularly)

9. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade
Trade had gradually stopped after the fall of western Rome in 476CE
What is the effect, of the decline of trade, on Western Europe?
2) Began a gradual recovery by the 's

10. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
The Revival of Trade 3) Some Italian cities sprang back first and developed fleets of ships that allowed them to become major trade centers
Artisans began crafting goods for long-distance trade
Trade routes sprang up both overland and on seas
Most trade took place in towns during fairs where people traded cloth, foods, spices, and tools
Now not all goods were produced on a manor

11. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade
4) In Northern Europe known as Flanders, trade cities began
to form along the North Sea and Baltic Sea regions

12. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM
The Revival of Trade 5) Hanseatic League: Northern cities joined together to protect trade and to promote economic gain in their areas
The league was created to protect the guilds' economic interests and diplomatic privileges in their affiliated cities and countries, as well as along the trade routes the merchants visited
The Hanseatic cities had their own legal system and furnished their own armies for mutual protection and aid. Despite this, the organization was not a state, nor could it be called a confederation of city-states

13. THE MANORIAL SYSTEM The Revival of Trade
6) *Trade Fairs: Established by:
The Counts of Champagne (N. France)
Merchants could exchange goods with merchants from other areas
Encouraged a demand for payment in gold and silver
Led to the development of a monetary economy, rather than barter (barter?)
The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to Champagne evolved from the county of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I was the first to officially use the title "Count of Champagne"

14. The Growth of Cities
Town/City life greatly declined, but merchants began to settle in old abandoned Roman cities
2) The growth in trade led to a revival of the cities
Middle Ages cities and towns were the engines of economic prosperity
Peasant could not hunt on the land nor could he cut down trees, he could gather limbs that were already fallen

15. 4) New cities were also founded
The Growth of Cities
3) Many craftspeople with skills followed and populations began to grow
4) New cities were also founded
5) Most towns part of a lord’s holding and subject to his authority and control

16. Townspeople were called “Burghers”
The Growth of Cities
6) The lords saw an opportunity to make a profit selling privileges and liberties to the people who acquired freedoms and rights in this way
7) Merchants called bourgeoisie (from the German word, burger) which meant "a walled enclosure"
Townspeople were called “Burghers”
Merchants would need a significant amount of money to begin their own business,
which would usually be borrowed from a Jewish moneylender
Banking eventually became a huge industry in Italy especially
Many serfs fled the manors to live in the growing towns.
- Townspeople were called “Burghers”
After living in a town for a year and a day, a serf became a free man.
Burgermeister (German) or English Burger master - master of the people or citizens (mayor)

17. 8) Different groups of craftsmen and artisans
The Growth of Cities
8) Different groups of craftsmen and artisans
established guilds to set quality standards for the goods produced
This improved economic conditions in the cities
Guilds, or a group of people having the same occupation, oversaw the wages and prices of artisans, as well as quality
To be a member, you had to be a master; to become a master you:
Worked as an apprentice for 5-9 years, starting at an early age
Worked as a wage earning journeyman afterwards, honing your trade
Created a “Master Piece” to be judged by the guild
If your piece was found worthy, you would be admitted to the guild (worthy but not better)
Apprentice to Journeyman after 7 years
Journeyman from a French word meaning day worker (may now work for a days wage)

18. small: most populations around 5,000
Characteristics of Cities
small: most populations around 5,000
2) walled: small area and were very crowded
Nobles hygien during the middle ages
They were dirtier than you can imagine
They were plagued with fleas and lice
They urinated and defecated in ceramic chamber pots then threw the excreta into the street
Most people wore the same clothes day after day
They used brushes to clean their clothes as best they could but it was difficult to do laundry back then
A nobleman would have a washerwoman or two who might do the washing once a week

19. 3) Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted
Characteristics of Cities
3) Horrible conditions: dirty, smelly, polluted
with human and animal waste
It was hard to dry laundry unless the weather was good
In bad weather, a wealthy person with a house would have used a “drying room”
In winter in northern Europe, it would have been difficult to sufficiently heat a drying room

20. 5) Guilds: merchants of the same type set
Characteristics of Cities
4) More men than women
5) Guilds: merchants of the same type set
quality standards for goods produced