1. Communication: much more than words
Dr. Chris Pudlinski
Professor & Chair, Communication, CCSU
(Thursday, September 20; Colchester, VT)

2. Nonverbal Communication
“The process of creating meaning in the minds of receivers,
Whether intentionally or unintentionally,
By use of actions other than words/language

3. Gibberish Exercise Instructions
VOCAL ONLY: Both parties will seat themselves facing away from the audience and only make vocal (non-word) sounds
VOCAL and GESTURES: Both parties will remain seated facing each other and only use vocal (non-word) sounds and gestures
VOCAL, GESTURES, PROPS: Both parties may arrange chairs and freely gesture and move, as needed. However, non-word sounds only.

4. Nonverbal Communication
According to Mehrabian (1968):
38% of meaning is VOCAL
55% of meaning is NONVERBAL
7% of meaning is VERBAL

5. Nonverbal Communication includes:
The Body & Its Movements
Gesture
Eye Contact
Posture
Facial Expressions
Physical Appearance, Clothing, Possessions
Voice (tone, volume, rate, etc.)
Smell, Taste & Touch
Personal Space & Territoriality
Aspects of Time

6. The Basics Analog (not digital) Temporal (e.g., present emotions)
Simultaneous (multiple cues at once)
Spontaneous
Can be unconscious
Can be unintentional
Normative (based on culture & context)

7. Hall’s (1968) “bubble” of space
Intimate ( <18”)
Personal (18” – 4’)
Social (4-12 ‘)
Public (12’+)

8. Proxemics: Territoriality
How do we mark our territory?
Central, boundary, ear markers
Territorial violations
Basic Violation
Invasion
Contamination
Expectancy violations
Violations create physical/psychological arousal
Not all bad . . .
If rewarding nonverbal cues, + outcome

9. Closing Discussion What did we learn about nonverbal communication?
How can this help us in our relationships with others?