1. Teacher’s Notes POS IMC videos/POS Computer research project
Unit Research project

2. Program of Studies Simple machines Systems and Subsystems
Analyze machines by describing the structures and functions of the overall system, the subsystems and the component parts
analyze a mechanical device, by:
describing the overall function of the device
describing the contribution of individual components or subsystems to the overall function of the device
identifying components that operate as simple machines

3. Videos
illustrate how a common need has been met in different ways over time (e.g., development of different kinds of lifting devices)
illustrate how trial and error and scientific knowledge both play a role in technological development (e.g., development of aircraft)

4. Excellent Videos Simple Machines
VT Inclined Plane, Wedge Screw
VT06563 Lever, Wheel and Axle, Pulley
Includes mechanical advantage (caveman videos)

5. Inclined plane gizmo

6. Computer Research Project
POS• investigate and provide examples of mechanical devices used in the past to meet particular needs (e.g., describe and interpret devices developed to move water or be moved by water, such as the Persian wheel, Archimedes’ screw, mill wheel)

7. Unit Project Mouse trap car Mouse trap catapult
Rube Goldberg “Mouse-trap” project
*Sample provided in blue book
Title page/labeled diagram
Log book
Structure (either brought in or videotaped)

8. Lesson 1
Simple and Complex Machines

9. Simple Machines
Machines are devices that meet human needs, using energy more effectively.
Make work faster
Make work easier
Change the direction of a force
Design is usually related to the function
See if you can figure out the function for each “old fashioned” machine

10. Mill wheel

11. Aqueduct (Roman)

12. Archimedes’ screw/modern grain auger

13. Da Vinci’s helicopter

14. Simple Machines *handouts+ brainpop
There are 6
Levers (class 1,2,3)
Pulleys
Wheel and Axle
Inclined Plane
Wedge
Screw

16. A lever is made up of 3 parts:
Fulcrum: pivot point
Load Force
Effort Force
Three types:
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

17. Levers

18. Lever examples

19. Inclined Plane

20. Wedge Made up of one or two inclined planes
Function: to push objects apart
Exception: nails
Wedge

21. Wedge examples Door jam Axe Knife Scissors Nail
Turns a downward force into a sideways force

22. Screw Inclined Plane wrapped around a cylinder
Tighter threads = greater mechanical advantage

23. Wheel and Axle Depending on whether you spin the axle or the wheel:
-Turning the axle gives a speed advantage (more energy required) ex: car
-Turning the wheel gives a mechanical advantage (easier to turn)
Ex. Key, doorknob, faucet, screwdriver

24. Pulley Changes the direction of the force
Add pulleys in pairs to reduce the effort force for a block and tackle system

25. Mechanical Systems 1.1 Simple Machines

26. Simple Machines
Machines help people use energy more efficiently. A machine helps us do work.
The earliest machines were simple devices to make work easier; like moving a large rock or moving a load up an incline, splitting wood or lifting materials up to a working area above the ground.
These simple machines depended on people or animals as their source of energy.

27. Levers
A lever is a rigid bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point called a pivot, or fulcrum.
Levers are used to reduce the force need to do a particular task.
You can move a very large load, but you must move a greater distance than the load moves.

28. Levers
FIRST CLASS LEVER The fulcrum is between the load force (FL) and the effort force (FE). eg: a teeter totter

29. Levers cont…
SECOND CLASS LEVER The load force (FL) is between the effort force (FE) and the fulcrum. eg: a wheel barrow
THIRD CLASS LEVER The effort force (FE) is between the fulcrum and the load force (FL). eg: tweezers, your arm

30. Inclined Plane
Inclined plane or ramp makes it easier to move a load higher than it is, but it has to be moved over a much longer distance. An inclined plane makes it possible to lift heavy objects using a smaller force (examples: loading ramp, wheelchair access ramp)

31. Wedge
Wedge is similar in shape to an inclined plane, but is used in a different way (and can only be used in one direction).
It is forced into an object to split it apart.
The wedge increases the force applied to the object, but it moves a greater distance into the object than it splits apart.

32. Screw
A Screw is a cylinder with a groove cut in a spiral on the outside. (It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself)
It can be used to convert rotational (turning) motion to linear motion (movement in a straight line). It moves objects in a straight line very slowly.

33. Pulley
A pulley makes work seem easier because it changes the direction of motion to work with gravity. Instead of lifting up, you can pull down using your body weigh against the resistance (load, that you are lifting).

34. Wheel and Axle
The Wheel and Axle is a combination of two wheels of different diameters that turn together.
A lever that rotates in a circle around a center point or fulcrum.
A longer motion on the wheel produces a more powerful motion on the axle. They can be used to increase the size of the force (steering wheel in a car) or the speed (bicycle wheels).

35. Complex Machine:
Complex machines or systems are made up of subsystems, or simple machines
Each subsystem will contribute to the device’s function
Analyze the pencil sharpener and bike. What are the functions of each piece? Can you identify the simple machines?

36. Bicycle

37. Pencil Sharpener

38. Simple Machines- supplementary notes (link on eboard)
Goes through and does a good job of explaining simple machines (there are many more, just type it in google

39. Design and Function

40. POS identify the source of energy for some familiar mechanical devices
evaluate the design and function of a mechanical device in relation to its efficiency and effectiveness, and identify its impacts on humans and the environment

41. Activity Page 276-How many machines are in your home?
Make a list of machines in and around the home,
Describe the task
Source of energy
Short story on what life would be like without all these machines

42. Machine
Task/Function
Source of Energy

43. Computer assignment “Old school machine” project
Students become comfortable using tables in word and inserting images

44. Assignments
“What is a simple machine” worksheets (solutions on overheads)
Demo of force advantage depending on fulcrum location of 1st class lever
“Levers have class” worksheet
also label F-L-E for each
Section 1.0 Questions
Pg 268 #1-4
Pg 276 #3
Pg 277 #2,3,4

45. Activity/Lab Pg 256 Science in Action: Page 265 Sia
Remove robotic probe from hole (design)
Page 265 Sia
The Right Machine for the job
Lifting without, with pulley, with ramp, with lever

46. Section 1.0 Pop Quiz
Draw a diagram and label the three classes of levers FLE
Give an example of each
List the other 5 simple machines