1. Earthquake Proof Buildings

2. Location is key!
The ground below a structure can be as important a safety consideration as its construction.
Bedrock absorbs more wave energy than sandy soils or landfill, so buildings on solid rock will be much less affected than those built on softer soils.

3. Location is Key!
If softer soils have water in them, they can become a little like quicksand during an earthquake.
The soil loses its strength and behaves like a liquid, a process called liquefaction. Buildings on top of liquefied soil sink, and often topple.

4. Liquefaction!

5. Liquefaction

6. Question: Why is the ground we build on such an important part of Earthquake safe construction?

7. Earthquake safe Structures
Earthquake resistant buildings

8. Braces
These braces help the frame of the building to resist tension and compression from earthquake surface waves

9. Braces

10. Question:
What pattern do you see in the construction of the braces? How do they help the building?

11. Shock Absorbers or Dampers
Added to the framework to dissipate and absorb the vibration of the earthquake

12. Question: Where else have you heard of shock absorbers being used?

13. Counterweights (tuned mass dampers)
Tall buildings like skyscrapers sway in the wind. Placing a TMD weighing between tons near the top helps reduce the sway because the TMD swings opposite the sway of the building.

14. Counterweights
They don’t stop a building from falling over, but they do help prevent you from feeling seasick in the top floors on a windy day.
Tapei Counterweight

15. Which type of Earthquake resistant strategy is good for really tall buildings? Why does it help?

16. =
Base Isolators
Dampers can be added that will allow the building to stay still while they move from side to side or up and down

17. Flexible materials
The more flexible a building is, the less energy is required to keep it from toppling or collapsing when the earth's shaking makes it sway.
The materials a building is constructed from determine its strength and flexibility. Wood and steel have more give than stucco, unreinforced concrete, or masonry, and they are favored materials for building in fault zones.

18. What are some ways to build earthquake resistant buildings?
Stilts and springs
Shock absorbers and braces
Braces and duct tape
Braces, shock absorbers, and build on bedrock

19. Flexible Materials
Earthquake Shake test

20. A theoretical Design!

21. Question: What earthquake resistant structures do you see?

22. A theoretical design!
It is made stronger by the cross bracing of the walls, the strong core of the building and walls made out of reinforced concrete. There are also shock absorbers in the base of the building. The moat is to allow the building to sway.

23. Another design!

24. Application
LA's Most Earthquake proof building

25. Other things that can be done
Windows made from shatter proof glass
Bookshelves screwed to wall
Heavy objects attached tables and walls
Pictures screwed to walls rather than hung on nails