1. German Unification
Sections 1-2

2. Europe 1860

3. Germany Late 1800s

4. German Peoples German-speaking people German Confederation of states
Spread through small states
Prussia
Austrian Hapsburg Empire
German Confederation of states

5. Impact of Napoleon 1807-1812 Some embraced French Rule
Lands around the Rhine to France
Dissolved Holy Roman Empire
Rhine Confederation
Some embraced French Rule
Many called for German unification (Nationalism backfiring)
Congress of Vienna
Created German Confederation (headed by Austria)

6. Prussian Leadership 1830s – Zollverein 1848 – Frankfurt Assembly
Economic union
Dismantled tariffs between German States
1848 – Frankfurt Assembly
Political unity
Offered throne to Fredrick William IV of Prussia
Rejected throne offered by “the people”

7. Otto von Bismarck Prussia’s Junker class Prussian diplomat
Conservative landowning nobles
Prussian diplomat
1862 King William I appointed him Chancellor
Will unite German States

8. Review Where were the German speaking people during the early 1800s?
What empire did Napoleon abolish in the heart of Europe?
What did the Confederation did the Congress of Vienna establish and who lead that Confederation?
What was the name of the economic union created in Prussia?
What leader was eventually elected Chancellor of Prussia?

9. “Blood and Iron”
“Germany does not look to Prussia’s liberalism, but to her power…. The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions – that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849 – but by blood and iron!”
Otto von Bismarck
Master of Realpolitik
Moved to build up Prussian army
Legislature would not allow funds
Used money from other purposes

10. War With Denmark & Austria
1864 alliance with Austria
“liberate” providences from Denmark
Largely inhabited by Germans
1866 attacked Austria (Austro-Prussian War)
Lasted 7 weeks
Prussia Annexed several northern German states
Dissolved German Confederation (Austrian Led)
Allowed Austria and 4 Southern German states independence
“Avoid leaving behind any desire for revenge”

11. Germany Post Austro-Prussian War

12. Franco Prussian War Growing French Concern
Germans remembered Napoleon Invasion
Both nations looking for military glory
Bismarck Edited a telegraph between King William I and French ambassador
Made William insult the French
Napoleon III declared war on Prussia
Prussia Smashed France within weeks

13. Germany Post Franco Prussian War

14. The Second Reich
Southern German States and Confederation convince William I to take title: Kaiser
January 1871 birth of Second Reich
Heir to Holy Roman Empire
Constitution drafted by Bismarck
2-house Legislature
Bundesrat (upper house)
Reichstag (lower house)

15. Review
What speech did Otto von Bismarck give that set the tone for his rule?
What alliance did Otto von Bismarck create that he eventually turned against?
How long did the Austro-Prussian war last?
Why did the French fear the growing German power?
What was the name of the new German Empire?

16. Strengthening Germany

17. New European Power France previously dominated Europe
German Princes crowned William I in Versailles
Showed end of French Reign
New German Domination

18. German Industrial Giant
Late 1800s German chemical and electrical industries set world standards
Second in shipping to British
Economic progress
Abundant coal & iron
Disciplined & educated workforce
Rapidly growing population

19. Science, Government, Industry
First to use applied sciences
Synthetic chemicals & dyes
Research and development
Government promoted economic development
1871 single currency for Germany
Reorganized banks
Coordinated railroads

20. Iron Chancellor Kept France weak & isolated
Built strong links with Austria and Russia
Respected British “Water rats”
Ruthless methods for German unification
Destroy local loyalties
Crush opposition to imperial state

21. Review
Where was William I crowned to demonstrate German dominance of Europe?
What were 2 resources Germany had that allowed them to become an industrial giant?
How did Germany lead the way for new industrial inventions and discoveries?
Why was Otto von Bismarck known as the Iron Chancellor?

22. Campaign Against Church
Catholics 1/3 population
Bismarck was Lutheran
Catholics 1st loyalty was to Pope
Kulturkampf – “battle for civilization”
put loyalty to State above Church
Policies backfired

23. Campaign Against Socialists
Oppressed Socialist movements
Backfired
Looked to woo workers
Created laws to protect them
Health & accident insurance
Retirement benefits
German pioneer on social reform
Partially slowed Socialist movement

24. Kaiser William II Asked Bismarck to resign
Resisted efforts for democratic reform
Instituted social end economic reform
Enlarged military
Increased German Militarism & Nationalism

25. Closure
What did Napoleon establish when he abolished the Holy Roman Empire?
Who took over power as the German Chancellor?
What speech did the new German Chancellor give that would set the tone for the entirety of his rule?
Which war ushered in the Second Reich?
How was Germany able to become an economic giant?
Who asked the German Chancellor to eventually step down?