1. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

2. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region.
An oral and maxillofacial surgeon is a regional specialist surgeon treating the entire craniomaxillofacial complex: anatomical area of the mouth, jaws, face, skull, as well as associated structures.

3. -The Extreme- OM surgery plus Plastics plus ENT, plus...
These recently updated photos obtained May 5, 2009 from the Cleveland Clinic shows Connie Culp after an injury to her face and as she appears today. Five years ago, a shotgun blast left a ghastly hole where the middle of her face had been. Five months ago, she received a new face from a deceased woman.

4. A multi-disciplinary team of doctors and surgeons at Cleveland Clinic performed the first near-total face transplant in the United States. In a 22-hour procedure, surgeons transplanted 80 percent of a woman's face who suffered severe facial trauma � essentially replacing her entire face, except for her upper eyelids, forehead, lower lip and chin.

5. Terms
Alveolar process - alveolar ridge: a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
Arthroscopy
Calvarial - skull
Condyle - A rounded enlargement or process possessing an artculating surface.
Coronal flap
Craniosynostosis - Premature closing of joints or sutures in the skull.
Dentition - teeth
Glenoid fossa- jaw joint
Inferior alveolar nerve -enters the mandible on the deep surface of the ramus, providing sensation to the teeth
Gnath-jaw
Labia - lip
Malar bone - cheek
Malocclusion
Maxillofacial - relating to the lower half of the face
Meniscus - cartilage that works to absorb weight and provide stability
Mouth prop
Mental Nerve - nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars.
Orbicular - circular in outline

6. Terms Osteotomy - operation in which the bone is cut through
Ramus - the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
Reduction
Sagittal - [sagitt = arrow] Divides the body or structure into mirror images of right & left sides.
Symphysis - the point of junction of two bones as in the two parts of the lower jaw in front: the tip of the chin
TMJ - Tempero-mandibular joint, the two joints that connect the jaw to the skull.

7. Oral (Buccal) Cavity
Lips
Teeth
Palate
Cheeks
Tongue

8. Lips (labia) Thermal receptors for protection from burns
Muscles aiding in expressions, food retention, and mastication
Space between lips extending to the cheeks is the vestibule (an entrance)

9. Teeth (Dentitions) Rest in alveolar processes
Deciduous (primary)
Appear = 6 mos.
Continue to = 4 yrs
For each jaw:
2 central incisors
2 lateral incisors
2 cuspids or canines
4 molars
20 total
Loss begins = 6 yrs
Permanent (secondary)
For each jaw:
2 central incisors
2 lateral incisors
2 cuspids or canines
4 bicuspids
6 molars
3rd molars or wisdom teeth appear = yrs

10. Teeth
Speech
Mastication

11. Teeth (3 Regions) 1. Crown is above/outside gumline Enamel
covering of crown
Hardest part
Doesn’t reproduce
Degenerates with age and injury
Dentin
Majority of tooth
Harder than bone
Encases pulp
Pulp
Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective tissue

12. Teeth (3 regions)
Neck
Junction of crown and root

13. Teeth (3 regions) Root Held by periodontal ligament
Connects tooth to alveolar processes

14. Palate Roof of the mouth Anterior portion is hard palate
Posterior portion is soft palate
Uvula is the most posterior part of the soft palate
Soft palate separates mouth from nasopharynx
Soft palate rises with swallowing to prevent food going into nasal cavity

15. Cheeks Lateral walls of oral cavity
Consist of major muscles for mastication

16. Tongue Chemoreceptors for taste
Attached to floor of buccal cavity by lingual frenulum
Function in speech, propelling food through oral cavity and swallowing

17. Appendicular Skeleton
Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton
Along or connecting to the midline of the body
Skull
Vertebral column
Sternum
Rib Cage
About 80 bones total
Appendicular Skeleton
Everything hanging off the axial skeleton

18. Skull

19. Skull

20. Skull Frontal Temporal Occipital Parietal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxilla
Zygomatic
Mandible
Lacrimal
Hyoid

21. Skull Frontal bone Protection Twice as thick as others
Supraorbital foramen allow for passage of blood vessels and nerves servicing the face and head

22. Skull Temporal Bone Protection
External auditory canal allows for sound to enter skull
Openings at base for carotid arteries and jugular veins called carotid foramen and jugular foramen
Mastoid process where sternocleidomastoid muscle attaches

23. Skull Occipital bone Forms posterior base of skull
Large hole at base is foramen magnum where spine enters skull
Occipital condyles are connections between skull and vertebrae
C-1 vertebrae most superior is the atlas which supports the skull/head
C-2 is the axis which allows for movement of the head

24. Skull Sphenoid bone - butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
Center of base of skull
Keystone of the skull (ties a lot of other bones together
Sella turcica is where the pituitary gland sits - a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone at the base of the human skull.

25. Skull Ethmoid bone Forms part of nasal cavities
Olfactory foramen open into nasal cavity
Penetrates into frontal bone - cribiform bone
Nerve ending in cribiform plate where sense of smell delivered and received

26. Skull Maxilla Attachment for upper teeth (alveolar processes)
Infraorbital foramen for vessels and nerves
Attachment for zygomatic bones/cheek bones

27. Skull Mandible Lower jaw Largest and only moving bone in face
Attachment for lower teeth (alveolar processes)
Articulates with glenoid fossa of each temporal bone = TMJ (temporomandibular joint)

28. Skull Lacrimal bone Smallest bone in face – very thin
Small foramen become nasolacrimal ducts where tears drain
Tears come from lacrimal gland in eyebrows (keep eyes and nares moist)

29. Skull
Hyoid bone
Only bone in body that does NOT connect directly to another bone
Held in place by ligaments
Holds tongue in place (tongue for swallowing and mastication)

30. Orbital Bones (* =‘s weakest bones)
Frontal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid-*
Maxilla- *
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Palatine

31. Facial Muscles
Expressions
Mastication
Speaking