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Land Reform in Mexico: Unsung Hero or Development Dead-End?

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Presentation on theme: "Land Reform in Mexico: Unsung Hero or Development Dead-End?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Land Reform in Mexico: Unsung Hero or Development Dead-End?
John Fabros

2 Outline Significance History What is an ejido? Reforming the reform
Tenure security Policy implications

3 Significance Rural poverty Immigration Conflict/insurgency
Peri-urban development Environment

4 Land to the tiller

5 Immigration

6 Insurgency

7

8 History Ley Lerdo 1917- Mexican Revolution
Latifundio vs. minifundio Article 27 1930s – President Lázaro Cárdenas PRI 1992 – Neoliberal reforms Carlos Salinas de Gortari 1994 – Zapatista Rebellion 2006 – PROCEDE ends

9 What is an ejido?

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11 Reforming the Reform Increasing the legal status of ejidos, giving them legal personality and allowing them to collectively, via representatives, enter into contracts and joint ventures Allowed ejidos to decide on communal or individual tenure within the ejido to permit partial privatization, or elect to allow complete individual property rights (dominio pleno) Shifting from prohibition on sale or rental. Land rental made legal. Opened sales within ejido to other members, allowed to outsiders with approval of ejido Land regularization, known as certification, to demarcate and document (certificados parcelarios) existing land rights Reduced politicization of ejidos. End to executive-led forced redistribution, increased transparency in expropriation process, creation of independent system of agrarian justice.

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13 Programa de Certificación de Derechos Ejidales y Titulación de Solares Urbanos (PROCEDE)

14 Tenure Security: Mexico
95% of ejidos have been certified 5% of surface area fully privatized Small or statistically insignificant changes in investment behavior Little evidence of improved agricultural productivity Rural outmigration/higher off-farm income Labor market sorting Minimum plot size/no re-concentration Individual/Family<->Ejido relations

15 Reform Summary Meh.

16 Policy Implications Complementarity Economics can’t fix everything
Institutions and reforms go hand in hand No development silver bullets Economics can’t fix everything Context matters Questions?

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