1. Chapter 20 – Shadow War

2. Paramilitary forces
Non military, such as CIA
Not subject to military chain of command
Not subject to UCMJ
Usually also work with contractors and dirty assets
Air America in Laos

3. Dirty Assets
Is a foreign government employee working as a spy for the US by definition a dirty asset?
Why must intelligence agencies deal with dirty assets?
What are the accountability issues?

4. What are the risks?
Double agents?
Disinformation?
Assassination?

5. What was the 9/11 issue?
We cut back before 9/11
It was seen as a reason for missing the attack
We doubled down after 9/11

6. Military Special Operations
Blurs the role of the military
Coordination issues with paramilitary personnel
Always subject to UCMJ
This limits what they can do.
Always subject to military chain of command

7. Private Contractors Brown and Root Bechtel Blackwater
Big shift is to using them for paramilitary operations
Limited accountability when on foreign shores
Not subject to military control
Bad for military morale