1. APA System of Referencing
American Psychological Association

2. What is Referencing? Also known as citation
The act of providing accurate details about all the sources of information included in your assignments, reports, theses, etc.
You avoid plagiarism, which means taking the ideas of others without acknowledging them as the source of ideas
You must keep a careful record of all the sources you have read and taken notes for your assignments (books, magazines, journals, newspaper, internet materials, reports, conference papers).

3. Referencing and Quotations
(please refer to the notes in the handouts)
Direct quotation
Indirect quotation

4. Purpose of Referencing
Demonstrate that we have read widely and appropriately
Enables readers to evaluate the quality of our arguments
Lends credibility to our work
Helps us to avoid plagiarism
Provide evidence to support our claims/arguments
Acknowledge the ideas/diagrams/research of others
Increases the worth of our work in the eyes of others
Gives readers the opportunities to access the sources we have used in our work

5. Reference to an entire book
Biggs, J.B. (1987). Student Approaches to Learning
and Studying. Melbourne: Australian Council for
Educational Research.
Reference to a Newspaper Article
Unemployment among graduates on the rise. (2006, October 15). News Straits Times, p.12

6. Reference to a Journal Article
Carter, S.B. (2007). Extensive Reading and Language Learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14 (1)
Reference to a Journal Article (electronic version)
Carter, S.B. (2007). Extensive Reading and Language Learning. Reading in a Foreign Language, 14 (1). Retrieved April 2, 2010 from