1. Western Europe
United Kingdom

2. United Kingdom/ British Isles
Geographical grouping of islands that is approximate size of Oregon & includes:
England
Wales
Scotland
Parts of Ireland

3. History of the British Isles & UK
Home to ancient Celtic and Germanic tribes, Romans, and Normans
Early hunting & farming cultures formed the foundation of early British food
In the 19th century, majority of people still lived in the countryside with main occupations were agriculture and rural crafts.

4. History of the British Isles & UK
Between 16th and 20th century, British colonies were established in:
Africa
India
Hong Kong
North America
These colonies further shaped contemporary foods & eating habits in both Britain and its former colonies

5. Geography & Relation to Food
Terrain and food similar throughout the British Isles, yet variations still exist on each island
Rich soil due to ample rain
85% of land dedicated to farming/raising beef, lamb, & pork
Long coastlines result in many seafood dishes
Fish, shellfish, mollusks, sea vegetables

6. Wales: Laver
Laver is a highly nutritious seaweed that grows along rocky shores
Made into “Laverbread”
Seaweed is boiled for several hours, then minced or pureed.
The gelatinous paste that results can then be sold as it is, or rolled in oatmeal;
It is generally coated with oatmeal prior to frying.
Laverbread is traditionally eaten fried with bacon and cockles as part of a Welsh breakfast.

7. Scotland & Ireland
Known for fine salmon and plentiful seafood

8. Britain: Coastline, Lakes & Streams
Fish is battered, deep-fried with cut-up potatoes and sold as…
“Fish & Chips”

9. Britain: Inland Soil is excellent for grazing: Beef Lamb Pork
Chicken & Eggs also common
Milk churned into butter and a variety of farmhouse cheeses

10. United Kingdom: Daily Food Traditions
Teas and sweets part of daily customs
Originally too expensive for common people but colonial expansion to India/West Indies made sugar and tea leave available to all
Currently today, afternoon or evening tea served daily with a light snack of pastries, cakes, or sandwiches
May be the evening meal

11. United Kingdom: Daily Food Traditions
Scones:
Single-serving quick bread made of flour, fat, baking powder, salt, and milk. Typical fat is butter.
Rugged looking shortcake with a crumbly texture and delicate taste
Cousin to biscuits
Lemon Curd:
Lemon curd is often spread on biscuits, muffins, toast, or scones as a morning or afternoon treat.

12. Religion Christianity is the dominant religion Islam/Muslim Hinduism
Followed by:
Islam/Muslim
Hinduism
Sikhism
Judaism
Buddhism

13. Religion & Food: Christmas Pudding
Folklore suggests traditionally prepared with 13 ingredients to represent Jesus & 12 apostles
Current recipes have often been handed down for generations, combining traditionally expensive/luxurious ingredients, including:
Sweet spices with rich aroma
Suet (raw beef or mutton fat, especially the hard fat found around the loins and kidneys)
Dark Sugars & Treacle
Citrus Fruits
Brandy and/or other Alcohols

14. Religion & Food: Christmas Pudding

15. Religion & Food: Hot Cross Buns
Easter tradition
Recipe: Combination of spicy, sweet and fruity flavors
The pastry cross on top of the buns symbolizes to Christians of the cross that Jesus was killed on.

16. Common United Kingdom Dishes

17. Dish of sausages & mashed potatoes
Bangers & Mash
Dish of sausages & mashed potatoes

18. Cookies; usually with more of a cracker-like texture
Biscuits
Cookies; usually with more of a cracker-like texture

19. Soup, often with a clear broth with vegetables Welsh
Cawl
Soup, often with a clear broth with vegetables
Welsh

20. French fries; the potatoes in “Fish & Chips”

21. Soup with chicken, leeks, bacon, and seasonings Scottish
Cock-a-leekie
Soup with chicken, leeks, bacon, and seasonings
Scottish

22. Colcannon
Dish of mashed potatoes with cooked cabbage, butter, milk, chives, and parsley
Irish

23. Potato chips; the English may have different flavors
Crisps
Potato chips;
the English may have different flavors

24. Turnovers filled with meat, potatoes, and vegetables
Pasties
Turnovers filled with meat, potatoes, and vegetables

25. Yorkshire Pudding
Savory bread made with popover batter and cooked in meat drippings; usually served with roast beef

26. Sausage links baked with Yorkshire Pudding
Toad in a Hole
Sausage links baked with Yorkshire Pudding

27. Sweet syrup similar to maple syrup or molasses
Treacle
Sweet syrup similar to maple syrup or molasses