1. Regional Conference on Migration Vancouver Tuesday, 8 March 2005
Passport Standards and Models
Regional Conference on Migration
Vancouver
Tuesday, 8 March 2005

2. ICAO: What it is and how it works
ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1946
Per Chicago Convention, ICAO sets travel document specifications and standards
Technical Advisory Group on Machine Readable Travel Documents (TAG-MRTD)
ISO has formal liaison with TAG-MRTD for ISO endorsement of all ICAO travel document specs
ALL ICAO SPECS BASED ON ISO STANDARDS!

3. ICAO Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
Plenary Session, Montreal roughly annually, intervals vary from 10 to 18 months
Most recent meeting May 2004, Montreal
Three Continuing Working Groups
- New Technologies Working Group
- Document Content & Format Working Group
- Education & Promotion Working Group
Ad Hoc Sub-Groups as Needed

4. TAG Members Australia Canada Czech Republic France Germany India Japan
New Zealand
Netherlands
Russia
Sweden
United Kingdom
USA

5. an Example - the US Delegation
Plenary attendance ranges from 4-10, with average of six, all Government representatives
Head of Delegation is State DAS Passport Services, called the “MEMBER”
Other US government reps are “ADVISORS”
- DOS CA Project Officers
- DOS Passport and Visa Offices
- DHS Systems and Inspections
- DHS Customs, e.g. TECS Database Manager
- Other US government representation ( Hill, WH, GPO)
The US participates in all three TAG Work Groups

6. International Standards Organization (ISO)
Association of various national standards bodies (e.g. SCC, BSI, INCITS/ANSI, DIN)
Establishes technical standards requiring international cooperation
Develops test methods
Membership is voluntary, dues paying and both government and non-governmental (the latter for travel document meetings)
Serves as official forum for new technologies
Complex structure for committees and voting

7. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC17 Committee Int’l Stds Org/Int’l Elect Comm Joint Tech Comm 1/Sub Comm 17 “Cards and Personal Identification”
WG1 - Physical Characteristics & Test Methods
WG3 - Machine Readable Travel Documents
WG4 - Integrated Circuit Cards with Contacts
WG8 - Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards
WG9 - Optical Memory Cards
WG10 - Drivers Licenses
SC 37 and M1 very important relationships

8. Documents of ICAO
ICAO Doc 9303 when endorsed becomes ISO Standard 7501
Doc 9303 Parts 1 (Passports) and 2 (Visas) are endorsed by ISO as Std 7501 Parts 1 & 2
Doc 9303 Part 3 (Other Travel Documents/Cards) endorsed by ISO as Standard 7501 Part 3
Doc 9303 Part 4, Crew Member Certificates, abolished; survives as Annex J to Part 3
ICAO document approvals are generally carried out within one year, TR’s issued by Work Group responsible

9. Related ICAO Technical Reports
The Original TAG/MRTD Biometrics Selection Report
The Logical Data Structure LDS Technical Report
The PKI (Security of Electronic Data) Technical Report
The Contactless IC Chip Technical Report
The Minimum MRTD Issuance Security Standards Technical Report
The Minimum MRTD Security Standards/Features Technical Report
(The above as input for the Biometric Deployment TR)

10. Main Threats to Travel Documents
Counterfeiting a complete travel document
Photo-substitution
Deletion/alteration of text in the visual or machine readable zone of the biographical data page
The construction of a fraudulent document, or parts thereof, using materials from legitimate documents
Removal and substitution of entire page(s) or visas
Deletion of entries on visa pages and the Observations Page
Theft of genuine document blanks
Impostors (assumed identity; altered appearance)

11. How to Mitigate these Threats?
Use a range of security features and techniques
No single feature can offer protection against all forms of attack
Likewise, no single security feature is 100% effective
The best protection is obtained from a balanced set of features and techniques providing multiple layers of security in the document

12. Example – Security Printing (Protection against counterfeiting)
Basic Features
Two-colour guilloche background
Rainbow printing
Anti-scan pattern
Microprinting
Unique biodata page design
Additional Features
Intaglio printing
Latent image
Duplex pattern
3-D design feature
Front-to-back register feature
Deliberate error in microprint
Unique design on every page
Tactile feature

13. Example – New US Passport
OLD
Split fountain offset
UV Inks
Chemical Sensitivity
Microprinting
Thin thread in visa pgs
Planchettes in data page
Photo-Chromic Ink
NEW
Split Fountain Offset
UV inks
Chemical Sensitivity
More Microprinting
Wider thread in visa pages
2-color fibers in data page
OVI Inks (two places)
Intaglio + Latent Image
Front-Back register in data pg

14. Example – New US Passport
Data Page Improvements
Passport number in VIZ large enough to read
New clearer font for VIZ data
Captions (Field Names) printed at same time as in-fill data—no more data mis-registration
Passport number same as book inventory number stamped on inside back cover
Application number (formerly passport number) now in optional data field in MRZ 2nd line
New Crystagram design in development
Blue Guilloche & red stars design elements removed

15. So What’s All of This Look Like?

16. New Cover Image

17. Inside Front Cover Image

18. New Data Page/Facing Page

19. Example of Visa Page Images

20. Example of Visa Page Images

21. Last Page and Inside Back Cover

22. Questions? Steven G, Grant, P.Eng 3M Security Systems Division
Ottawa, Canada
Tel:
Thank you!