1. The Founding of the American Republic Era (1776 – 1800) is done
The Founding of the American Republic Era (1776 – 1800) is done. A period of rapid expansion (land and economic) is about to begin.

2. Jefferson believed that America should be an “agrarian republic” that protects liberty.

3. The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
As a “strict constructionist” Jefferson did not know if he had the Constitutional power to buy Louisiana but he did it anyway
In 1803, Jefferson authorized the Louisiana Purchase from France for $15 million
Lewis & Clark were sent by Jefferson to map & explore this new territory; Their findings revealed an abundance of natural resources for America and helped to lay future land claims.

4. Jefferson’s Embargo
Americans smuggled & Jefferson had to increase the size of gov’t to enforce the embargo
Jefferson’s embargo was a “pain in the rear end” because it hurt Americans more than it hurt the English or French

5. James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Q. Adams
Andrew Jackson
James Madison won the presidency in 1808 & 1812
Where is the
Federalist stronghold?

6. “Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry
The War of 1812
Unfortunately, the war between England & France continued to cause problems for Americans:
England & France continued to violate American free trade
The British navy continued to “impress” American merchants
Many Congressmen, called “War Hawks” demanded war with Britain to defend U.S. honor
“Free Trade & Sailors' Rights” was a popular battle cry

7. Causes of the War of 1812 French & British both seized U.S. shipping.
US sailors were “impressed” (Chesapeake Affair) into
the British Navy.
US embargo failed to gain American rights.
War Hawks: a member of Congress (usually from the
south & southwest) who advocated going to war.
Why? To possess Canada (more land).
British arming Native Americans in the NW
territory. Opportunity to crush Indian
Confederacy … and gain more land.

8. Causes of War of 1812 – destroy Indians in NW Territory

9. Tecumseh’s Confederacy

10. War Hawks of 1812
Henry Clay John C. Calhoun
Kentucky South Carolina

11. The War of 1812 What’s the POV of this propaganda?

12. Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War of 1812 the “Second American Revolution”
Madison eventually gave in & asked Congress for a declaration of war in June 1812

13. The British attacked & burned Washington, DC…
The War of (1812—1814)
The British attacked & burned Washington, DC…
The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war began
Had a weak navy & poorly trained army
The war went badly at first
…and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”

14. Events during the War Failed Invasion of Canada but
Indian Confederation under
Tecumseh was destroyed.
Most gov’t buildings in DC were
burned to the ground (Capitol & White House
Star Spangled Banner poem
written during bombardment of
Fort McHenry.

15. Events of the War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans fought
after war was technically over.
Americans won the battle and
thought they won the war.
America had a new war hero in
General Andrew Jackson,
“the Hero of New Orleans.”

16. The War of (1812—1814)
Even though Britain was winning, they were fighting Napoleon’s army in Europe & wanted to end the war in America quickly

17. The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who became a national hero
The War of (1812—1814)
The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who became a national hero
In 1814, Britain & U.S. signed the Treaty of Ghent ending the war
Before news arrived, the Americans won the Battle of New Orleans
The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to feel as though they won the war

18. Treaty of Ghent
Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not address trade rights or other causes of the war
Effects of the War of 1812:
1. Americans were united in a sense of nationalism, believing that they had beaten the British.
2. America entered an “Era of Good Feelings” 1 political party & booming national economy. 27

19. The Hartford Convention
POV??

20. 1. Nationalism (national pride – thought we had won).
Results of the War of 1812
Nationalism (national pride – thought we had won).
Forced Americans to manufacture their
own goods.
Eliminated Indian “threat” (east of MS River)
Andrew Jackson = War Hero
Federalist Party disappeared due to
Hartford Convention 1814 and talk
of secession by the NE states over
“Mr. Madison’s War”.
(Who’s “rock’n the VA/KY Resolves now?)

21. How did Madison’s Foreign Policy differ from previous presidential action? Why?
Washington – Non partisan
Avoid Alliances
Remain Neutral
Stay out of European Wars
Jay’s Treaty
Farewell Address to nation
Adams - Federalist
“Quasi War”
“XYZ Affair”
Jefferson - Republican
Embargo Act
Macon’s Bill

22. To promote America’s power in the world
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Q. Adams
Andrew Jackson
James Monroe was elected president in 1816 & 1820 with a clear set of goals:
To promote national unity
To promote America’s power in the world
Monroe was a Democratic-Republican, but by 1816 the Federalists were so weak that the Republicans could do anything.

23. The Era of Good Feelings
After the War of 1812, America experienced an “Era of Good Feelings” from 1815 to 1825:
Monroe & the Republicans in Congress used this time to promote American nationalism
Nationalism—the interests of the nation should be placed ahead of regional interests

24. American Nationalism
Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways:
Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states

25. American Nationalism
John Marshall ( ) used the Supreme Court to strengthen the power of the national gov’t:

26. American Nationalism
Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways:
Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states
Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West

27. The American System
In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the American System to unify the economies of the North, South, & West.
Created a 2nd Bank of the U.S.
Created a tariff to promote U.S. industry & limit the importation of foreign goods.
A nat’l system of roads & canals

28. Transportation by 1840: Rivers, Roads, Canals, & Railroads
The American System allowed the USA to create a national market economy for the 1st time
Western farms grew grains & raised livestock that fed the nation
Transportation by 1840: Rivers, Roads, Canals, & Railroads
Northern factories made manufactured goods that were sold throughout the country
We’ll talk about this “market revolution” more in-depth later this unit. This is just a preview in order to understand the importance of Henry Clay’s American System. The emphasis here is on the politics of the era, which should help students understand how the national government promoted a national market economy that, by the 1810s, had emerged as strong regional economies due to new technological innovations (cotton gin, interchangeable parts, Singer sewing machines, Slater mills, McCormick reaper, Deere steel plow, etc.) Again, we’ll discuss these details in the next set of notes.
Southern cotton was used in northern textiles factories
How was a national economy created?

29. Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into the West; By 1840 over 1/3 of the population lived in the West
This economic & territorial growth created a need to settle America’s national boundaries
Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the Union:
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)

30. American Nationalism
Monroe & the Republicans in Congress promoted nationalism & American unity in 3 ways:
Gov’t: Increasing the power of the national gov’t over the states
Economy: Encourage industry & build better transportation to link the South, North, & West
Foreign Policy: Expanding U.S. borders & increasing America’s role in world affairs

31. American Nationalism
President Monroe & his Secretary of State John Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote nationalism & territorial expansion
In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with the Adams-Onis Treaty. Story.
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) that ceded Florida & Oregon to U.S.
In 1818, Monroe & British leaders agreed to establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º
A brief story to explain how we acquired Florida from Spain.

32. Nationalist Foreign Policy
When Latin American nations gained independence, the U.S. supported the new republics:
Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in Latin America
Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere.
Why?

34. Sectionalism
The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism, but there were problems between North & South
Sectionalism—when regional interests are placed above national interests.
Northerners & Southerners disagreed over slavery, national taxes, & the role of national gov’t
These disagreements dominated politics from 1820 to 1860.

35. Missouri Compromise
When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state, sectionalism emerged
Missouri wanted to become a slave state, like the South
Northerners did not want to see Southern slave states increase their power in the national gov’t
If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South would have 2 more Senators than the North.
Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more members of the House of Representatives
President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South controlled the presidency too

36. In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise
Maine broke from Massachusetts & became a free state
Missouri became a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36°30'