1. CHAPTER 4C…..
Genes and DNA

2. What does DNA look like?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid

3. Subunits…. DNA is made of smaller units called NUCLEOTIDES Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

5. Chargaff’s Rule….. The amount of Adenine = Thymine
The amount of Thymine = Adenine
The amount of Guanine = Cytosine
The amount of Cytosine = Guanine

7. Franklin….
Used X-Ray Diffraction to show that DNA had a spiral shape

8. Watson and Crick…..
Built first model of DNA which supported Franklin and Chargaff.

9. DNA’s Structure….. Double Helix – twisted ladder
Made of Nucleotides – Sugar, Phosphate, Base

10. DNA Copies….. Unzips 3 base pairs at a time – codon
Freely floating Nucleotides pair up
End up with 2 Identical strands of DNA
One made of half old and half new
One made of half new and half old

13. DNA Video…..

14. How DNA Works…..

17. Changes in Genes…..
Mutations –
deletion, insertion, Substitution

18. Example of Substitution…..

19. Man’s Influence…..
Genetic Engineering – genes may be transferred from one type of organism to another

20. Clones…..
Genetically Engineered to be IDENTICAL to another organism