1. Attribute of heading, <p> and <hr> tag
Special Character
Nesting tags
GIF and JPEG
Inserting Images
Marquee tag

2. Attribute of heading, <p> and <hr>
<p align=“ “> ………</p>
left, right, center
<hn align=” ”>………</hn>
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Integer or percentage
Color Name or Hexadecimal value
Integer
<hr width=“ ” size=“ ” color=“ ” align=“ ”>
left, right, center
Length of the horizontal rule
Thickness of the horizontal rule

3. Special Character
Special characters are characters which have a meaning in HTML or cannot by typed through keyboard
For example, less than < , greater than >, spaces, quotation, copyright, trademark
Special character are expressed using a special name or numeric character
< >   ©
< >   ©

4. Nesting tags
Tags placed within an affected segment of another tag for multiple effect is known as Nesting tags
Example
<b>This text is bold and <u>underlined </u> </b>

5. GIF and JPEG Two popular image formats
GIF: Graphic Interchange Format
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
Each image formats has its own advantages and drawbacks

6. Graphic Interchange Format
Advantages
Interlacing  image materialize on the display
Transparency  allow images to blend into the document
Animations  ability to do frame by frame; a single gif can contain series of gif images
Drawbacks
Limited number of colors– not appropriate for photorealistic pictures
Usage
Icons, Drawings, Reduced color images

7. Joint Photographic Expert Group
Advantages
Supports 10 of thousands of colors for detailed and photorealistic images
Drawbacks
Adds delay to retrieval time for a document
Not good for illustrations

8. Inserting Images <img src=“ ” align=“ ” width=“ ” height=“ ”
Source value is name of the image file
left, right, middle, center, top, bottom
Integer or percentage
<img src=“ ” align=“ ” width=“ ” height=“ ”
alt=“ ” hspace=“ ” vspace=“ ” border=“ ” >
Alternate specifies description of the image
Horizontal space surrounding the image
Vertical space surrounding the image
Thickness of the rectangular border around the image

9. Marquee tag
Direction for text or image -- left, right, up, down
Behavior of text or image -- scroll, slide, alternate
Background color for the marquee area
<marquee direction=“ ” behavior=“ ” bgcolor=“ ” width=“ ” height=“ ” scrollamount=“ ” scrolldelay=“ ” >
………………
The number of pixels between moving the text or image
The time between movement in millisecond
</marquee>