1. Smoke-Induced Changes to the Epigenome Provide Fertile Ground for Oncogenic Mutation 
Susan J. Clark, Peter L. Molloy 
Cancer Cell 
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages (September 2017)
DOI: /j.ccell
Copyright © Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 An Alternate Epigenetic Route to Oncogenic Transformation
HBEC cells (left) immortalized with hTERT and mCdk4 are anchorage dependent and have epithelial cell morphology. The lower, genetic pathway shows sequential knockdown of p53 expression, followed by expression of mutant KRASV12 and c-MYC overexpression necessary for full transformation. The upper, epigenetic pathway shows progressive changes in response to CSC, leading to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, altered signaling pathways, and the capacity to form colonies in soft agar. Subsequent introduction of mutant KRASV12 provides full tumorigenic transformation. Cells from both pathways (right) show fibroblastic morphology and can form colonies in soft agar and tumors in immune-compromised mice.
Cancer Cell  , DOI: ( /j.ccell )
Copyright © Terms and Conditions