1. Development Through the Lifespan
Chapter 9
Physical and Cognitive
Development in
Middle Childhood
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2. Body Growth in Middle Childhood
Slow, regular pattern
Girls shorter and lighter until about age 9
Lower portion of body growing fastest
Bones lengthen
Muscles very flexible
All permanent teeth arrive

3. Common Health Problems in Middle Childhood
Vision - Myopia
Hearing - Otitis media (middle ear infection)
Malnutrition
Obesity
Illnesses
Injuries

4. Causes of Obesity in Middle Childhood
Overweight parents
Low SES
Parents’ feeding practices
Low physical activity
Television
Cultural food environment

5. Deaths from Injuries, North American Children, Ages 5–19

6. Motor Development in Early Childhood
Gross Motor Skills Improvements:
Flexibility
Balance
Agility
Force
Fine Motor Skills Gains:
Writing
Drawing

7. Physical Play Development in Middle Childhood
Games with Rules
Sports
Invented Games
Video Games
Adult-organized sports
Physical Education

8. Piaget’s Theory: Achievements of the Concrete Operational Stage
Conservation
Decentration
Reversibility
Classification
Seriation
Transitive inference
Spatial Reasoning
Directions
Maps

9. Key Information Processing Improvements
Increase in information-processing capacity
Gains in cognitive inhibition
Both may be related to
brain development

10. Attention in Middle Childhood
Attention becomes more:
Selective
Adaptable
Planful
ADHD

11. Development of Memory Strategies
Rehearsal – early grade school
Organization – early grade school
Knowledge base helps organization
Elaboration – end of middle childhood
Meaningful chunks of information

12. Information Processing and Academic Learning
Reading
Whole-language approach
Basic-skills approach
Mathematics
Drill
“Number sense”

13. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

14. Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic
Logico-mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily-kinesthetic
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal

15. Explaining Differences in IQ
Genetics
Accounts for about half of differences
Environment
SES
Culture
Communication styles
Cultural bias in test content

16. Language Development in Middle Childhood
Vocabulary
Increases fourfold during school years
20 new words a day
Grammar
Passive voice
Infinitive phrases
Pragmatics
Adjust to people and situations
Phrase requests to get what they want

17. Learning Two Languages
Bilingual Development
Learn both languages at the same time
Learn first language, then second
Sensitive period - childhood
Bilingual Education
Language immersion
Bilingual education

18. Academic Achievement and Class Size

19. Educational Philosophies and Practices
Traditional v. Open Classrooms
New Directions
Theory
Reciprocal teaching
Teacher-student Interaction
Self-fulfilling prophesies
Grouping for learning

20. Teaching Children with Special Needs
Learning Difficulties
Mainstreaming
Gifted
Talented
Divergent thinking and creativity