1. Chapter 16 Section 4 The Allied Victory
Objective: Summarize the Allied campaigns & the events that led to surrender
Vocabulary: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Battle of Stalingrad, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, Kamikaze

2. Setting the Stage
December 22, Winston Churchill & Roosevelt met to develop a joint war policy
Stalin asked them to open a second front on the west to split the German army into two first
Roosevelt was torn but ultimately agreed
Who do you think Roosevelt want to actually attack first?

3. The Tide Turns on Two Fronts
Churchill decided to strike at North Africa first
Stalin was upset because he had to hold out on his own against the Germans in Europe
British General Bernard Montgomery attacked at the Battle of El Alamein & pushed Rommel’s army back
American General Dwight D. Eisenhower led his forces in Morocco
Rommel’s forces in North Africa were finally crushed in May 1943
The United States send supplies to the Soviet Union to help
Rommel was caught between Montgomery & Eisenhower’s armies

4. The Battle of Stalingrad
German armies suffered during their advances toward Leningrad & Moscow
Summer of 1942, Hitler sent his army to capture Stalingrad in the Battle of Stalingrad
Stalin told his commanders to fight to the death to defend the city named after him
German controlled 90% of the city until the winter hit, the Soviet surrounded them and the Germans eventually surrendered
The Soviets lost one million soldiers defending the city
99% of the city was destroyed
90,000 frostbitten German troops surrendered
Germans lost about 200,000 men
The Germans were now on the defensive

5. The Invasion of Italy
Roosevelt & Churchill decided to attack Italy next
July 25th, King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy had Mussolini arrested
Italy surrendered September 3rd, 1943
Germans were finally pushed out of Italy in May 1945
Italian resistance fighters found Mussolini, shot him & hung his body in Milan for all to see
The United States landed in Italy on July 10th 1943
April

6. The Allied Home Fronts
War-torn countries like the Soviet Union & Great Britain endured extreme hardships
Americans produced the weapons & equipment that would help win the war
By 1944, 18 million US workers had jobs in war industries
Rationing for scarce items was implemented again
Governments conducted highly effective propaganda campaigns
They were not being bombed on our Homefront so we were able to produce the weapons we needed
Many of the workers were women
One kid in Moscow collected enough scrap metal to make 14,000 artillery shells

7. War Limits Civil Rights
A wave of prejudice arouse in the United States against Japanese Americans
February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued an execute order calling for the internment of Japanese Americans because they were considered a threat to the country
The camps were restricted military areas located far away from the coast
Many of the Japanese men interned volunteered for military service & fought bravely for the United States
Two-thirds of those interned were American born citizens

8. Victory in Europe
1943, the Allies began secretly building an invasion force in Great Britain
May 1944, the invasion force was ready
General Dwight D. Eisenhower, planned to strike along the coast of Normandy
June 6th 1944, D-Day the allies landed in Normandy, France
Included: British, French, Canadian, & US Troops
Despite heavy losses, the Allies held the beaches
By September 1944, the Allies had liberated France
To keep Hitler guessing the Allies set up a huge dummy armies making it seem they were going to attack French seaport of Calais
3 million troops awaited the order to attack
Operation Overlord
2700 American men died that day
Eisenhower wrote two letters before the attack

9. The Battle of Bulge
December 16th, German tanks pushed into Allied lines at the Battle of the Bulge but they were pushed back
After the battle, the war in Europe rapidly drew to an end
Allied soldiers approached Berlin from the west while Soviet troops approached from the east

10. Germany’s Unconditional Surrender
Hitler prepared for the end in his underground headquarters as Allies surround the crumbling city
April 29th, Hitler married his longtime love, Eva Braun
April 30th, Hitler & Eva committed suicide then their bodies were burned
May 7th 1945, General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich
V-E Day: Victory in Europe, May 9th, the surrender was official signed
3 Million troops approached from the west, 6 Million troops approached from the east
Roosevelt had died April 12th
Truman will accept the surrender
After 6 years of fighting the war in Europe had ended

11. Victory in the Pacific
By the fall of 1944, the Allies were moving in on Japan
The Japanese had devised a bold plan to halt the Allied advance
Kamikazes: Japanese suicide pilots
However their plan didn’t work
Between March & April 1945, Americans took over Iwo Jima & Okinawa
Okinawa the Japanese lost 100,000

12. The Japanese Surrender
President Truman had to make the decision whether to use a powerful new weapon (atomic bomb) or risk more American lives
The bomb was created in a top secret known as the Manhattan Project
August 6th 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima then 3 days later on Nagasaki
The Japanese surrendered on September 2nd 1945, V-J Day: Victory in Japan
Truman was told the invasion of Japan might cause the death of ½ million American
Bomb killed 60,000 to 80,000 people in Hiroshima
70,000 people were killed in Nagasaki
Radiation killed millions later